在MySQL中使用子查询和标量子查询的基本操作教程_MySQL
MySQL 子查询
子查询是将一个 SELECT 语句的查询结果作为中间结果,供另一个 SQL 语句调用。MySQL 支持 SQL 标准要求的所有子查询格式和操作,也扩展了特有的几种特性。
子查询没有固定的语法,一个子查询的例子如下:
SELECT * FROM article WHERE uid IN(SELECT uid FROM user WHERE status=1)
对应的两个数据表如下:
article 文章表:
user 用户表:
查询返回结果如下所示:
在该例子中,首先通过子查询语句查询出所有 status=1 的 uid,实际的查询类似于:
SELECT * FROM article WHERE uid IN(1,2)
MySQL 标量子查询
标量子查询是指子查询返回的是单一值的标量,如一个数字或一个字符串,也是子查询中最简单的返回形式。
一个标量子查询的例子如下:
SELECT * FROM article WHERE uid = (SELECT uid FROM user WHERE status=1 ORDER BY uid DESC LIMIT 1)
在该例子中,子查询语句:
SELECT uid FROM user WHERE status = 1 ORDER BY uid DESC LIMIT 1
返回的是单一的数字(如 2),实际的查询语句为:
SELECT * FROM article WHERE uid = 2
使用子查询进行比较
可以使用 = > < >= <= <> 这些操作符对子查询的标量结果进行比较,通常子查询的位置在比较式的右侧:
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT MAX(column2) FROM t2)
提示
对于采用这些操作符之一进行的比较,子查询必须返回一个标量。唯一的例外是 = 可以和行子查询同时使用。
子查询与表连接
在很多情况下,子查询的效果与 JOIN 表连接很类似,但一些特殊情况下,是必须用子查询而不能用表连接的,如:
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT MAX(column2) FROM t2)
以及下例:
SELECT * FROM article AS t WHERE 2 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM article WHERE article.uid = t.uid)
该例子要找出用户发表了 2 篇文章的所有文章记录。对应的两个数据表如下:
article 文章表:
user 用户表:
查询返回结果如下所示:

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

When developing an e-commerce website using Thelia, I encountered a tricky problem: MySQL mode is not set properly, causing some features to not function properly. After some exploration, I found a module called TheliaMySQLModesChecker, which is able to automatically fix the MySQL pattern required by Thelia, completely solving my troubles.
