Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL用作备份还原的导入和导出命令用法整理_MySQL

MySQL用作备份还原的导入和导出命令用法整理_MySQL

May 27, 2016 pm 01:45 PM
mysql

mysqldump
命令行导出数据库:

1,进入MySQL目录下的bin文件夹:cd MySQL中到bin文件夹的目录
如我输入的命令行:cd C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 4.1\bin
2,导出数据库:mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名 
如我输入的命令行:mysqldump -u root -p news > news.sql    (输入后会让你输入进入MySQL的密码)
(如果导出单张表的话在数据库名后面输入表名即可)
3、会看到文件news.sql自动生成到bin文件下
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命令行导入数据库:

1,将要导入的.sql文件移至bin文件下,这样的路径比较方便
2,同上面导出的第1步
3,进入MySQL:mysql -u 用户名 -p
如我输入的命令行:mysql -u root -p    (输入同样后会让你输入ySQL的密码)
4,在MySQL-Front中新建你要建的数据库,这时是空数据库,如新建一个名为news的目标数据库(mysql>create database news;)
5,输入:mysql>use 目标数据库名
如我输入的命令行:mysql>use news;
6,导入文件:mysql>source 导入的文件名; 
如我输入的命令行:mysql>source news.sql;
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实例:
导出


#> cd /usr/local/src
#> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p123456 cacti > cacti.sql;
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这样就看到cacti.sql导出到了/usr/local/src/目录
1.导出整个数据库


  mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名
  mysqldump -u root -p abc > abc.sql
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2.导出一个表


  mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 表名> 导出的文件名
  mysqldump -u root -p abc users> abc_users.sql
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3.导出一个数据库结构


  mysqldump -u root -p -d --add-drop-table abc >/usr/local/abc_db.sql
  -d 没有数据 --add-drop-table 在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table
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导入


#> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
mysql> create database cacti;   新建数据库名为cacti
mysql> use cacti;              选择目标数据库
mysql> source /usr/local/src/cacti.sql   导入数据库
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这样就导入了cacti.sql文件

load data
(windows系统。。表结构一致的情况下)
命令在DOS的mysql/bin目录下执行:
导出:


select * from aaa into outfile "e:/a.txt";
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导入:


load data local infile "e:/a.txt" into table aaa;
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备份:SELECT INTO OUTFILE


SELECT * FROM hx_9enjoy INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/9enjoy.txt'
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默认使用tab分割字段,记录使用/n分割。可以自定义三个参数。


SELECT * FROM hx_9enjoy INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/9enjoy_hx.txt' FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES TERMINATED BY '/n';
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即使用,分割字段,双引号限定字段内容,/n分割记录。
还可以指定某些条件的记录输出:


SELECT * FROM hx_9enjoy WHERE id < 100 INTO OUTFILE &#39;/tmp/9enjoy_100.txt&#39;
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还原:LOAD DATA INFILE
默认情况:


LOAD DATA INFILE &#39;/tmp/9enjoy.txt&#39; INTO TABLE hx_9enjoy
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如果有指定界定符,则加上界定符的说明:


LOAD DATA INFILE &#39;/tmp/9enjoy.txt&#39; INTO TABLE hx_9enjoy FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
 OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES TERMINATED BY '/n'
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如果db是GBK或utf-8等编码,需要在还原时指定CHARACTER SET参数,否则还原的数据是乱码。
如:


load data infile &#39;/tmp/9enjoy.txt&#39; INTO TABLE hx_9enjoy CHARACTER SET gbk;
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注意事项
1.mysql必须要有权限访问生成文件的那个目录
2.由于安全方面的原因,不能覆盖已存在的文件,不管这个文件的权限是怎么分配的。
3.不能直接导出一个压缩文件。

以上就是MySQL用作备份还原的导入和导出命令用法整理_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!


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