Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL在右表数据不唯一的情况下使用left join的方法_MySQL

MySQL在右表数据不唯一的情况下使用left join的方法_MySQL

May 27, 2016 pm 01:45 PM

1.left join 基本用法

mysql left join 语句格式
A LEFT JOIN B ON 条件表达式

left join 是以A表为基础,A表即左表,B表即右表。
左表(A)的记录会全部显示,而右表(B)只会显示符合条件表达式的记录,如果在右表(B)中没有符合条件的记录,则记录不足的地方为NULL。

例如:news 与 news_category表的结构如下,news表的category_id与news_category表的id是对应关系。

news 表

201633162112696.png (717×128)

news_category 表

201633162135707.png (136×97)

显示news表记录,并显示news的category名称,查询语句如下

select a.id,a.title,b.name as category_name,a.content,a.addtime,a.lastmodify  
from news as a left join news_category as b  
on a.category_id = b.id;
Copy after login

查询结果如下:

201633162200297.png (703×124)

因 news_category 表没有id=4的记录,因此news 表中category_id=4的记录的category_name=NULL

使用left join, A表与B表所显示的记录数为 1:1 或 1:0,A表的所有记录都会显示,B表只显示符合条件的记录。

2.left join 右表数据不唯一解决方法

但如果B表符合条件的记录数大于1条,就会出现1:n的情况,这样left join后的结果,记录数会多于A表的记录数。

例如:member与member_login_log表的结构如下,member记录会员信息,member_login_log记录会员每日的登入记录。member表的id与member_login_log表的uid是对应关系。

member 表

201633162221215.png (128×70)

member_login_log 表

201633162239610.png (209×144)

查询member用户的资料及最后登入日期:
如果直接使用left join

select a.id, a.username, b.logindate 
from member as a  
left join member_login_log as b on a.id = b.uid;
Copy after login

因member_login_log符合条件的记录比member表多(a.id = b.uid),所以最后得出的记录为:

201633162255876.png (260×141)

但这并不是我们要的结果,因此这种情况需要保证B表的符合条件的记录是空或唯一,我们可以使用group by来实现。

select a.id, a.username, b.logindate 
from member as a  
left join (select uid, max(logindate) as logindate from member_login_log group by uid) as b 
on a.id = b.uid;
Copy after login

201633162313453.png (233×91)

总结:使用left join的两个表,最好是1:1 或 1:0的关系,这样可以保证A表的记录全部显示,B表显示符合条件的记录。
如果B表符合条件的记录不唯一,就需要检查表设计是否合理了。

以上就是MySQL在右表数据不唯一的情况下使用left join的方法_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!


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