解决MySQL Sending data导致查询很慢问题的方法与思路_MySQL
最近帮忙定位一个mysql查询很慢的问题,定位过程综合各种方法、理论、工具,很有代表性,分享给大家。
【问题现象】
使用sphinx支持倒排索引,但sphinx从mysql查询源数据的时候,查询的记录数才几万条,但查询的速度非常慢,大概要4~5分钟左右
【处理过程】
1)explain
首先怀疑索引没有建好,于是使用explain查看查询计划,结果如下:
从explain的结果来看,整个语句的索引设计是没有问题的,除了第一个表因为业务需要进行整表扫描外,其它的表都是通过索引访问
2)show processlist;
explain看不出问题,那到底慢在哪里呢?
于是想到了使用 show processlist查看sql语句执行状态,查询结果如下:
发现很长一段时间,查询都处在 “Sending data”状态
查询一下“Sending data”状态的含义,原来这个状态的名称很具有误导性,所谓的“Sending data”并不是单纯的发送数据,而是包括“收集 + 发送 数据”。
这里的关键是为什么要收集数据,原因在于:mysql使用“索引”完成查询结束后,mysql得到了一堆的行id,如果有的列并不在索引中,mysql需要重新到“数据行”上将需要返回的数据读取出来返回个客户端。
3)show profile
为了进一步验证查询的时间分布,于是使用了show profile命令来查看详细的时间分布
首先打开配置:set profiling=on;
执行完查询后,使用show profiles查看query id;
使用show profile for query query_id查看详细信息;
结果如下:
从结果可以看出,Sending data的状态执行了216s
4)排查对比
经过以上步骤,已经确定查询慢是因为大量的时间耗费在了Sending data状态上,结合Sending data的定义,将目标聚焦在查询语句的返回列上面
经过一 一排查,最后定为到一个description的列上,这个列的设计为:`description`varchar(8000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '游戏描述',
于是采取了对比的方法,看看“不返回description的结果”如何。show profile的结果如下:
可以看出,不返回description的时候,查询时间只需要15s,返回的时候,需要216s,两者相差15倍
【原理研究】
至此问题已经明确,但原理上我们还需要继续探究。
这篇淘宝的文章很好的解释了相关原理:innodb使用大字段text,blob的一些优化建议
这里的关键信息是:当Innodb的存储格式是 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT
(or ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT
)的时候,Innodb只会存储前768字节的长度,剩余的数据存放到“溢出页”中。
我们使用show table status来查看表的相关信息:
可以看到,平均一行大约1.5K,也就说大约1/10行会使用“溢出存储”,一旦采用了这种方式存储,返回数据的时候本来是顺序读取的数据,就变成了随机读取了,所以导致性能急剧下降。
另外,在测试过程中还发现,无论这条语句执行多少次,甚至将整个表select *几次,语句的执行速度都没有明显变化。这个表的数据和索引加起来才150M左右,而整个Innodb buffer pool有5G,缓存整张表绰绰有余,如果缓存了溢出页,性能应该大幅提高才对。
但实测结果却并没有提高,因此从这个测试可以推论Innodb并没有将溢出页(overflow page)缓存到内存里面。
这样的设计也是符合逻辑的,因为overflow page本来就是存放大数据的,如果也放在缓存里面,就会出现一次大数据列(blob、text、varchar)查询,可能就将所有的缓存都更新了,这样会导致其它普通的查询性能急剧下降。
【解决方法】
找到了问题的根本原因,解决方法也就不难了。有几种方法:
1)查询时去掉description的查询,但这受限于业务的实现,可能需要业务做较大调整
2)表结构优化,将descripion拆分到另外的表,这个改动较大,需要已有业务配合修改,且如果业务还是要继续查询这个description的信息,则优化后的性能也不会有很大提升。
以上就是解决MySQL Sending data导致查询很慢问题的方法与思路_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

The key to installing MySQL elegantly is to add the official MySQL repository. The specific steps are as follows: Download the MySQL official GPG key to prevent phishing attacks. Add MySQL repository file: rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Update yum repository cache: yum update installation MySQL: yum install mysql-server startup MySQL service: systemctl start mysqld set up booting

Installing MySQL on CentOS involves the following steps: Adding the appropriate MySQL yum source. Execute the yum install mysql-server command to install the MySQL server. Use the mysql_secure_installation command to make security settings, such as setting the root user password. Customize the MySQL configuration file as needed. Tune MySQL parameters and optimize databases for performance.

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.
