Home Operation and Maintenance Linux Operation and Maintenance What is the command to add a password to a user in Linux?

What is the command to add a password to a user in Linux?

Jul 01, 2022 pm 07:09 PM
linux

linux中给用户加密码的命令是“passwd”。passwd命令是用来更改用户密码的,语法为“passwd [选项] 用户名”;当只省略“选项”参数时可以设置指定用户的密码,当省略“选项”和“用户名”数时可以设置当前用户的密码。passwd命令还可配合“-n 天数”选项参数,设置用户修改密码后,多长时间不能再次修改密码;配合“-x 天数”选项参数,设置用户的密码有效期。

What is the command to add a password to a user in Linux?

本教程操作环境:linux7.3系统、Dell G3电脑。

使用useradd命令创建新用户时,并没有设定用户密码,因此还无法用来登陆系统。那么怎么给用户加密码呢?

在linux中,可以使用passwd命令给用户设置密码。

passwd 命令的基本格式如下:

passwd [选项] 用户名
Copy after login
  • 如果只省略“选项”参数时可以设置指定用户的密码

  • 如果省略“选项”和“用户名”数时可以设置当前用户的密码

例如,我们使用 root 账户修改 lamp 普通用户的密码,可以使用如下命令:

[root@localhost ~]#passwd lamp
Changing password for user lamp.
New password: <==直接输入新的口令,但屏幕不会有任何反应
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short <==口令太简单或过短的错误!这里只是警告信息,输入的密码依旧能用
Retype new password:  <==再次验证输入的密码,再输入一次即可
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.  <==提示修改密码成功
Copy after login

例如,我们登陆 lamp 用户,并使用 passwd 命令修改 lamp 的登陆密码,执行过程如下:

[root@localhost ~]#passwd
#passwd直接回车代表修改当前用户的密码
Changing password for user vbird2.
Changing password for vbird2
(current) UNIX password: <==这里输入『原有的旧口令』
New password: <==这里输入新口令
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short <==口令检验不通过,请再想个新口令
New password: <==这里再想个来输入吧
Retype new password: <==通过口令验证!所以重复这个口令的输入
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. <==成功修改用户密码
Copy after login

注意,普通用户只能使用 passwd 命令修改自己的密码,而不能修改其他用户的密码。

可以看到,与使用 root 账户修改普通用户的密码不同,普通用户修改自己的密码需要先输入自己的旧密码,只有旧密码输入正确才能输入新密码。不仅如此,此种修改方式对密码的复杂度有严格的要求,新密码太短、太简单,都会被系统检测出来并禁止用户使用。

passwd 命令还提供了一些选项,用于实现不同功能:

  • -S:查询用户密码的状态,也就是 /etc/shadow 文件中此用户密码的内容。仅 root 用户可用;

  • -l:暂时锁定用户,该选项会在 /etc/shadow 文件中指定用户的加密密码串前添加 "!",使密码失效。仅 root 用户可用;

  • -u:解锁用户,和 -l 选项相对应,也是只能 root 用户使用;

  • --stdin:可以将通过管道符输出的数据作为用户的密码。主要在批量添加用户时使用;

  • -n 天数:设置该用户修改密码后,多长时间不能再次修改密码,也就是修改 /etc/shadow 文件中各行密码的第 4 个字段;

  • -x 天数:设置该用户的密码有效期,对应 /etc/shadow 文件中各行密码的第 5 个字段;

  • -w 天数:设置用户密码过期前的警告天数,对于 /etc/shadow 文件中各行密码的第 6 个字段;

  • -i 日期:设置用户密码失效日期,对应 /etc/shadow 文件中各行密码的第 7 个字段。

【例 1】

#查看用户密码的状态

[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S lamp
lamp PS 2013-01-06 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
#上面这行代码的意思依次是:用户名 密码 设定时间(2013*01-06) 密码修改间隔时间(0) 密码有效期(99999) 警告时间(7) 密码不失效(-1),密码已使用
Copy after login

"-S"选项会显示出密码状态,这里的密码修改间隔时间、密码有效期、警告时间、密码宽限时间其实分别是 /etc/shadow 文件的第四、五、六、七个字段的内容。 当然,passwd 命令是可以通过命令选项修改这几个字段的值的,例如:

#修改 lamp的密码,使其具有 60 天变更、10 天密码失效
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -x 60 -i 10 lamp
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S lamp
lamp PS 2013-01-06 0 60 7 10 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
Copy after login

但我个人认为,还是直接修改 /etc/shadow 文件简单一些。

这里显示 SHA512 为密码加密方式,CentOS 6.3 加密方式已经从 MD5 加密更新到 SHA512 加密,我们不用了解具体的加密算法,只要知道这种加密算法更加可靠和先进就足够了。

【例 2】

#锁定 lamp 用户
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -I lamp
Locking password for user lamp.
passwd:Successg
#用"-S"选项査看状态,很清楚地提示密码已被锁定
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S lamp
lamp LK 2013-01-06 0 99999 7 -1 (Password locked.)
[root@localhost ~]# grep "lamp" /etc/shadow
lamp:!! $6$ZTq7o/9o $lj07iZ0bzW.D1zBa9CsY43d04onskUCzjwiFMNt8PX4GXJoHX9zA1S C9.i Yzh9LZA4fEM2lg92hM9w/p6NS50.:15711:0:99999:7:::
#可以看到,锁定其实就是在加密密码之前加入了"!!",让密码失效而已
Copy after login

暂时锁定 lamp 用户后,此用户就不能登录系统了。那么,怎么解锁呢?也一样简单,使用如下命令即可:

#解锁 lamp 用户
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -u lamp
Unlocking password for user lamp.
passwd:Success
[root@localhost ~]# passwd -S lamp
lamp PS 2013-01-06 0 99999 7 -1 (Password set, SHA512 crypt.)
#可以看到,锁定状态消失
[root@localhost ~]# grep "lamp" /etc/shadow
lamp: $6$ZTq7cV9o $lj07iZ0bzW.D1zBa9CsY43d04onskUCzjwiFMNt8PX4GXJoHX9zA1S C9.iYz h9LZA4fEM2lg92hM9w/p6NS50.:15711:0:99999:7:::
#密码前面的 "!!" 删除了
Copy after login

相关推荐:《Linux视频教程

The above is the detailed content of What is the command to add a password to a user in Linux?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Mandragora: Whispers Of The Witch Tree - How To Unlock The Grappling Hook
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1666
14
PHP Tutorial
1273
29
C# Tutorial
1253
24
Linux Architecture: Unveiling the 5 Basic Components Linux Architecture: Unveiling the 5 Basic Components Apr 20, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The five basic components of the Linux system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System library, 3. System utilities, 4. Graphical user interface, 5. Applications. The kernel manages hardware resources, the system library provides precompiled functions, system utilities are used for system management, the GUI provides visual interaction, and applications use these components to implement functions.

vscode Previous Next Shortcut Key vscode Previous Next Shortcut Key Apr 15, 2025 pm 10:51 PM

VS Code One-step/Next step shortcut key usage: One-step (backward): Windows/Linux: Ctrl ←; macOS: Cmd ←Next step (forward): Windows/Linux: Ctrl →; macOS: Cmd →

How to check the warehouse address of git How to check the warehouse address of git Apr 17, 2025 pm 01:54 PM

To view the Git repository address, perform the following steps: 1. Open the command line and navigate to the repository directory; 2. Run the "git remote -v" command; 3. View the repository name in the output and its corresponding address.

How to run java code in notepad How to run java code in notepad Apr 16, 2025 pm 07:39 PM

Although Notepad cannot run Java code directly, it can be achieved by using other tools: using the command line compiler (javac) to generate a bytecode file (filename.class). Use the Java interpreter (java) to interpret bytecode, execute the code, and output the result.

How to run sublime after writing the code How to run sublime after writing the code Apr 16, 2025 am 08:51 AM

There are six ways to run code in Sublime: through hotkeys, menus, build systems, command lines, set default build systems, and custom build commands, and run individual files/projects by right-clicking on projects/files. The build system availability depends on the installation of Sublime Text.

What is the main purpose of Linux? What is the main purpose of Linux? Apr 16, 2025 am 12:19 AM

The main uses of Linux include: 1. Server operating system, 2. Embedded system, 3. Desktop operating system, 4. Development and testing environment. Linux excels in these areas, providing stability, security and efficient development tools.

laravel installation code laravel installation code Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:30 PM

To install Laravel, follow these steps in sequence: Install Composer (for macOS/Linux and Windows) Install Laravel Installer Create a new project Start Service Access Application (URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000) Set up the database connection (if required)

git software installation git software installation Apr 17, 2025 am 11:57 AM

Installing Git software includes the following steps: Download the installation package and run the installation package to verify the installation configuration Git installation Git Bash (Windows only)

See all articles