Home Web Front-end Front-end Q&A What are css selectors

What are css selectors

Jun 15, 2021 pm 01:51 PM

css selectors指的是css选择器,它规定了CSS规则会被应用到哪些元素上,可以根据一些特征,选中元素树上的一批元素。css选择器可以分为:基本选择器、组合选择器、属性选择器、伪类、伪元素、同级元素通用选择器等。

What are css selectors

本教程操作环境:windows7系统、CSS3版、Dell G3电脑。

CSS 选择器(selectors)的基本意义是:根据一些特征,选中元素树上的一批元素。

CSS 选择器规定了 CSS 规则会被应用到哪些元素上。

一、基本选择器

序号 选择器 含义
1. * 通用元素选择器,匹配任何元素
2. E 标签选择器,匹配所有使用E标签的元素
3. .info class选择器,匹配所有class属性中包含info的元素
4. #footer id选择器,匹配所有id属性等于footer的元素

实例:

* { margin:0; padding:0; }
p { font-size:2em; }
.info { background:#ff0; }
p.info { background:#ff0; }
p.info.error { color:#900; font-weight:bold; }
#info { background:#ff0; }
p#info { background:#ff0; }
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二、多元素的组合选择器

序号选择器含义
5.E,F多元素选择器,同时匹配所有E元素或F元素,E和F之间用逗号分隔
6.E F后代元素选择器,匹配所有属于E元素后代的F元素,E和F之间用空格分隔
7.E > F子元素选择器,匹配所有E元素的子元素F
8.E + F毗邻元素选择器,匹配所有紧随E元素之后的同级元素F

实例:

div p { color:#f00; }
#nav li { display:inline; }
#nav a { font-weight:bold; }
div > strong { color:#f00; }
p + p { color:#f00; }
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三、CSS 2.1 属性选择器

序号选择器含义
9.E[att]匹配所有具有att属性的E元素,不考虑它的值。(注意:E在此处可以省略,比如"[cheacked]"。以下同。)
10.E[att=val]匹配所有att属性等于"val"的E元素
11.E[att~=val]匹配所有att属性具有多个空格分隔的值、其中一个值等于"val"的E元素
12.E[att|=val]匹配所有att属性具有多个连字号分隔(hyphen-separated)的值、其中一个值以"val"开头的E元素,主要用于lang属性,比如"en"、"en-us"、"en-gb"等等

实例:

p[title] { color:#f00; }
div[class=error] { color:#f00; }
td[headers~=col1] { color:#f00; }
p[lang|=en] { color:#f00; }
blockquote[class=quote][cite] { color:#f00; }
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四、CSS 2.1中的伪类

序号选择器含义
13.E:first-child匹配父元素的第一个子元素
14.E:link匹配所有未被点击的链接
15.E:visited匹配所有已被点击的链接
16.E:active匹配鼠标已经其上按下、还没有释放的E元素
17.E:hover匹配鼠标悬停其上的E元素
18.E:focus匹配获得当前焦点的E元素
19.E:lang(c)匹配lang属性等于c的E元素

实例:

p:first-child { font-style:italic; }
input[type=text]:focus { color:#000; background:#ffe; }
input[type=text]:focus:hover { background:#fff; }
q:lang(sv) { quotes: "\201D" "\201D" "\2019" "\2019"; }
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五、 CSS 2.1中的伪元素

序号选择器含义
20.E:first-line匹配E元素的第一行
21.E:first-letter 匹配E元素的第一个字母
22.E:before在E元素之前插入生成的内容
23.E:after在E元素之后插入生成的内容

实例:

p:first-line { font-weight:bold; color;#600; }
.preamble:first-letter { font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold; }
.cbb:before { content:""; display:block; height:17px; width:18px; background:url(top.png) no-repeat 0 0; margin:0 0 0 -18px; }
a:link:after { content: " (" attr(href) ") "; }
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六、CSS 3的同级元素通用选择器

序号选择器含义
24.E ~ F匹配任何在E元素之后的同级F元素

实例:

p ~ ul { background:#ff0; }
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七、CSS 3 属性选择器

序号选择器含义
25.E[att^="val"]属性att的值以"val"开头的元素
26.E[att$="val"]属性att的值以"val"结尾的元素
27.E[att*="val"]属性att的值包含"val"字符串的元素

实例:

div[id^="nav"] { background:#ff0; }
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八、CSS 3中与用户界面有关的伪类

序号选择器含义
28.E:enabled 匹配表单中激活的元素
29.E:disabled 匹配表单中禁用的元素
30.E:checked 匹配表单中被选中的radio(单选框)或checkbox(复选框)元素
31.E::selection匹配用户当前选中的元素

实例:

input[type="text"]:disabled { background:#ddd; }
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九、CSS 3中的结构性伪类

序号选择器含义
32.E:root匹配文档的根元素,对于HTML文档,就是HTML元素
33.E:nth-child(n) 匹配其父元素的第n个子元素,第一个编号为1
34.E:nth-last-child(n)匹配其父元素的倒数第n个子元素,第一个编号为1
35.E:nth-of-type(n)与:nth-child()作用类似,但是仅匹配使用同种标签的元素
36.E:nth-last-of-type(n)与:nth-last-child() 作用类似,但是仅匹配使用同种标签的元素
37.E:last-child匹配父元素的最后一个子元素,等同于:nth-last-child(1)
38.E:first-of-type匹配父元素下使用同种标签的第一个子元素,等同于:nth-of-type(1)
39.E:last-of-type匹配父元素下使用同种标签的最后一个子元素,等同于:nth-last-of-type(1)
40.E:only-child匹配父元素下仅有的一个子元素,等同于:first-child:last-child或 :nth-child(1):nth-last-child(1)
41.E:only-of-type匹配父元素下使用同种标签的唯一一个子元素,等同于:first-of-type:last-of-type或 :nth-of-type(1):nth-last-of-type(1)
42.E:empty匹配一个不包含任何子元素的元素,注意,文本节点也被看作子元素

实例:

p:nth-child(3) { color:#f00; }
p:nth-child(odd) { color:#f00; }
p:nth-child(even) { color:#f00; }
p:nth-child(3n+0) { color:#f00; }
p:nth-child(3n) { color:#f00; }
tr:nth-child(2n+11) { background:#ff0; }
tr:nth-last-child(2) { background:#ff0; }
p:last-child { background:#ff0; }
p:only-child { background:#ff0; }
p:empty { background:#ff0; }
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十、CSS 3的反选伪类

序号选择器含义
43.E:not(s)匹配不符合当前选择器的任何元素

实例:

:not(p) { border:1px solid #ccc; }
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十一、CSS 3中的 :target 伪类

序号 选择器 含义
44. E:target                     匹配文档中特定"id"点击后的效果

(学习视频分享:css视频教程

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