Create PSR-4 Php package
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本文是帮助初学者搭建基础的 php composer 包, 本项目源码地址
- github
- packagist
目录结构和初建准备
首先创建一个目录来存放所有文件, 这里我 命名为 util-demo
, 目录中需要包含两个目录 src/
, tests/
, 所有的代码需要放置到 src/
目录, 所有的测试文件需要放置到 tests/
目录
初始化文件夹, 并使用 git 初始化项目, 便于进行版本管理
$ mkdir util-demo $ cd util-demo $ git init复制代码
初始化 composer
这里假定你已经安装了 composer, 如果没有安装, 请到 getcomposer.org/download/ 进行安装
初始化并输入包名, 这里默认使用 duoli/util-demo
包名
$ composer init Welcome to the Composer config generator This command will guide you through creating your composer.json config. Package name (<vendor>/<name>) [duoli/util-demo]: 复制代码
输入描述
Description []: first util package demo复制代码
输入作者名称, n
跳过
Author [duoli <zhaody901@126.com>, n to skip]: 复制代码
设定包的稳定版本, 默认是 stable
, 详细查看 minimum-stability (root-only)
Minimum Stability []: 复制代码
安装类型 : Package Type, 默认是 library
Package Type (e.g. library, project, metapackage, composer-plugin) []: 复制代码
License, 协议, 关于协议部分, 你可以选择自己需要的协议, 阮老师这里有一个阅读指南, 可以进行参考 如何选择开源许可证?, 对于协议部分的写法可以参考 许可协议 license 这里
License []: 复制代码
require
设定三方依赖, 表明当前项目/包是否有依赖于其他包进行开发, 这里选择 no
,
Define your dependencies. # 生产依赖 Would you like to define your dependencies (require) interactively [yes]? 复制代码
require-dev
开发依赖, 这里我们加入 phpunit 作为单元测试依赖
Would you like to define your dev dependencies (require-dev) interactively [yes]? Search for a package: phpunit Found 15 packages matching phpunit [0] phpunit/phpunit ... [14] brianium/paratest Enter package # to add, or the complete package name if it is not listed: 0 Enter the version constraint to require (or leave blank to use the latest version): Using version ^8.5 for phpunit/phpunit Search for a package: 复制代码
当不需要额外增加包的时候, 直接回车, 确认安装包依赖, 初始化完成
{ "name": "duoli/util-demo", "description" : "first util package demo", "require-dev": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^8.5" }, "license": "MIT", "authors": [ { "name": "duoli", "email": "zhaody901@126.com" } ], "require": {} } Do you confirm generation [yes]? Would you like to install dependencies now [yes]? yes Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-dev) Package operations: 29 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals - Installing sebastian/version (2.0.1): Downloading (100%) ...... - Installing phpunit/phpunit (8.5.8): Downloading (100%) sebastian/global-state suggests installing ext-uopz (*) phpunit/phpunit suggests installing phpunit/php-invoker (^2.0.0) Package phpunit/php-token-stream is abandoned, you should avoid using it. No replacement was suggested. Writing lock file Generating autoload files 5 packages you are using are looking for funding. Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!复制代码
上边初始化完成之后, 我们文件目录应该如下所示
. ├── composer.json ├── composer.lock └── vendor复制代码
作为包管理来讲, 我们需要忽略 composer.lock
和 vendor
文件夹, 因为在项目中使用此包的时候会进行全局的安装, 不提交是为了不产生冗余代码.
我们加入 .gitignore
文件, 加入这两个文件夹的忽略, 另外由于要生成 phpunit 测试文件, 我们还需要加入 .phpunit.*
, 我这里还额外加入了 IDE 的忽略
.gitignore
# ide .idea # project composer.lock vendor/ # phpunit .phpunit.*复制代码
文件自动加载 autoload
autoload
这里是上边初始化没有提及到的, autoload
指定了包的加载方式, Composer 可以自动加载包内文件, 但是你需要指定你的文件的加载方式, 这里我们使用的是 psr-4
标准, 详细的规范可以阅读 PSR-4 自动加载规范
这里需要在 composer.json 中追加
... "autoload": { "psr-4": { "Duoli\\UtilDemo\\": "src", "Duoli\\UtilDemoTests\\": "tests" } } ... 复制代码
因为这个加载是后续添加的, 想要识别需要我们手动运行下 composer dumpautoload
, 这样才可以识别我们添加的命名空间映射
另这里我额外约定了一个测试的命名空间, 方便对测试文件进行命名空间的目录识别
travis 测试集成
如果打算在GitHub上托管包,一个不错优点是集成Travis CI,这是一个持续集成应用程序,它会自动运行单元测试文件. 当接受 pr 时,会非常有用,因为你可以快速查看是否所有的测试都通过验证。
要与 Travis 集成,添加一个名为 .travis.yml
的文件,并复制以下内容
language: php php: – 7.0 – hhvm before_script: – composer self-update – composer install –prefer-source –no-interaction –dev script: phpunit复制代码
在这里,不会深入讨论使用 Travis 的问题,但这应该是一个很好的开始,你可以自己来进行研究如何使用它.
编写代码
现在可以编写代码了, 打开 src
目录创建 File.php
文件, 复制如下代码
class File{ public function extension($filename) { return pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION); } }复制代码
如果你曾经查看过旧的 PHP 包源码,可能会发现一个 Duoli/UtilDemo
目录。PSR-4 不再使用嵌套的目录结构,而是允许直接在 src
目录下编写类
编写单元测试
现在我们已经编写了包源码,可以开始编写一些测试了。PHPUnit 需要一个名为 phpunit.xml
的文件来定义一些设置。在根目录中创建一个新的phpunit.xml
文件,并复制以下代码:
<phpunit backupGlobals="false" backupStaticAttributes="false" bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php" colors="true" convertErrorsToExceptions="true" convertNoticesToExceptions="true" convertWarningsToExceptions="true" processIsolation="false" stopOnFailure="false"> <testsuites> <testsuite name="Duoli Util Test Suite"> <directory suffix=".php">./tests/</directory> </testsuite> </testsuites></phpunit>复制代码
如果不熟悉这个文件中意思,不用担心,你无需关注设置了哪些内容(当前来讲), 这个文件只是定义一些设置和文件应该如何自动加载的约定.
接下来,在 tests
目录下,创建一个名为 StrTest.php
的文件,并复制以下代码:
<?php namespace Duoli\UtilDemoTests; use Duoli\UtilDemo\File; use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase; class FileTest extends TestCase { public function testExtension() { $extension = File::extension('readme.md'); $this->assertEquals('md', $extension); } }复制代码
打开命令行并运行:
$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit复制代码
PHPUnit 会自动运行测试,并给出一个绿色的 OK (1 test, 1 assertion)
输出。
在编写测试文件时,需要确保测试类继承了 PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
文档
最后要做的是创建一个 Readme.md
的文档。如果打算在 GitHub上托管代码,这个文件会在代码页面显示出来,目的是描述包以及包如何工作.
还应该在源代码中包含一个许可证。默认情况下,你发布的任何东西都是你的版权所有,如果你想让其他人使用你的代码,你需要给它一个许可。一个好的选择是 MIT 许可
发布到 github 和 Packagist
现在已经完成了你的包,你可以将它推到 GitHub 和 Packagist。
GitHub 是一个托管的 git 存储库服务,它使得在软件协作变得非常容易。
Packagist 是查找和使用 PHP 包的服务商
要将代码推送到 GitHub,创建一个新的存储库, 然后设定 git 的远端, 将代码推上去即可, 命令是
$ git remote add origin git@github.com:username/demo.git $ git push -u origin master 复制代码
在 Github 上集成 Packagist 和 Travis, 需要找到设置, 并且在 Webhooks & Services 部分找到这两个服务, 集成这两个服务需要授权 github 账户并且设置一些简单的步骤.
概括
如果以前从未开发过已发布的 php 包,那么需要考虑很多问题。然而,一旦你操作过不止一次就不至于这么复杂了.
PHP 的包结构非常简单,而 PSR-4 使其更加简单。一旦了解了该结构的每一部分是用于做什么,其他人阅读 PHP包就会容易很多.
参考文章
- How to create a PSR-4 PHP package
相关学习推荐:php编程(视频)
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