php 页面之间变量传递方法总结
标记行:用
第一种:通过url传送变量
例如:http://www.phprm.com/news/list.php?id=123&lang=en
id=123就是新闻的参数,而lang=en就表示语言是英文,那么我们可以通过php的$_get来取得id和lang的值,比如说要检索id的值 只需要$_get['id'] 就能取到id的值,同理 lang也一样.
通过url传值的缺点:
1.每个人都能看到变量的值,所以用这种方式传输敏感数据并不是安全的.
2.用户可以随意修改url中的值,并可以尝试不同的组合,使打开网站后显示出我们不希望显示出来的信息.
3.用户还可能使用保存已久的url和内嵌其中的旧变量提取不正确的或陈旧信息.
第二种:通过会话中传送变量
如果说信息不那么敏感,或者信息是静态的,完全可以使用url传值,但如果用户要传送用户名,密码等信息或者传送地址和电话号码等个人信息,那最好要在传送的时候保持私密性.例如可以使用cookie 或者session.(个人想法,因为是重头重新学习~先说说session).
会话是仅存在浏览器关闭前的一组临时变量.会话信息包括会话id,被授权的个人是否登陆到站点上等.这些信息都是为php临时存储的以便在需要时使用.
如果强制用户使用cookie传送变量,可以在php.ini里边设置 session.use_only_cookies=1
另外,在使用会话前应确保php.ini文件已经做好修改,即为:session.save_path显示有效路径.接着只需要调用session_start()函数(写在本页的所有的输出语句前),在php中开始一个会话.
例如:文件1,test_1.php
<?php session_start(); $_session['username']='van'; $_session['authuser']=1; ?> <html> <head> <title>test1</title> </head> <body> <?php $myfavmovie=urlencode('life of brian'); echo "<a href="test2.php?favmovie=$myfavmovie">"; echo "click here to see information about my favorite movie!"; echo "</a>"; ?> </body> </html>
test2.php
<?php
session_start();
if($_session['authuser']!=1)
{
echo "sorry,but you don't have permission to view this page!";
exit();
}
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>
my movie site -<?php echo $_get['favmovie'];</title>
<body>
<?php
echo 'welcome to our site,';
echo $_session['username'];
echo '!<br/>';
?>
</html>第三种:用cookie传送变量
使用cookie存在潜在的安全风险,黑客可以通过cookie来获取你在这个web上所留下来的信息,加以利用,所以最好不要把私人信息存储在计算机上.
由于访客可能选择关闭cookie功能,或者选择删除计算机中的cookie,所以从开发的角度来看,使用cookie信息并不是最佳的方法,发送 cookie,代码如下:
<?php
$value = "my cookie value";
// 发送一个简单的 cookie
setcookie("testcookie",$value);
?>
<html>
<body>
...
...<?php
$value = "my cookie value";
// 发送一个 24 小时候过期的 cookie
setcookie("testcookie",$value, time()+3600*24);
?>
<html>
<body>本文地址：
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