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How to use pandas to process excel in python

Feb 11, 2020 am 10:34 AM
excel pandas python

How to use pandas to process excel in python

python使用pandas处理excel的方法

一、配置环境

1、pandas依赖处理Excel的xlrd模块,安装命令是:

pip install xlrd
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2、安装pandas模块还需要一定的编码环境,确保你的电脑有这些环境:Net.4 、VC-Compiler以及winsdk_web。

3、开始安装pandas,安装命令是:

pip install pandas
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二、pandas操作Excel表单

注意:加密文件是无法正常读写的

首先需准备一个表单

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1、读取excel文件的方式一:默认读取第一个表单:

import pandas as pd
# 方法一:默认读取第一个表单
df = pd.read_excel("C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx")  # 直接默认读取到Excel的第一个表单
data = df.head()  # 默认读取前5行的数据
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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得到的结果是一个二维矩阵,如下图所示:

2、读取excel文件的方式二:通过制定表单名的方式读取:

import pandas as pd
# 方法一:通过指定表单名的方式来读取
df = pd.read_excel("C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ", sheet_name='测试用例')
# 直接默认读取到Excel的第一个表单
data = df.head()  # 默认读取前5行的数据
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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得到的结果是一个二维矩阵,如下图所示:

3、读取excel文件的方法三:通过表单索引来指定要访问的表单,0表示第一个表单

import pandas as pd
# df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx '])
# 可以通过表单名同时指定多个
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ', sheet_name=0)  # 可以通过表单索引来指定读取的表单
# df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ', sheet_name=['功能模块', 1])  # 可以混合的方式来指定
# df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ', sheet_name=[1, 2])  # 可以通过索引 同时指定多个
data = df.values  # 获取所有的数据,注意这里不能用head()方法哦~
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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三、pandas操作Excel的行列

1:读取指定的单行,数据会存在列表里面

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
data = df.ix[0].values  # 0表示第一行 这里读取数据并不包含表头,要注意哦!
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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2:读取指定的多行,数据会存在嵌套的列表里面:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
data = df.ix[[1, 2]].values  # 读取指定多行的话,就要在ix[]里面嵌套列表指定行数
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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3:读取指定的行列:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
data = df.ix[1, 2]  # 读取第一行第二列的值,这里不需要嵌套列表
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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4:读取指定的多行多列值:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
data = df.ix[[1, 2], ['序号', '功能划分']].values  # 读取第一行第二行的序号以及功能划分列的值,这里需要嵌套列表
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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5:获取所有行的指定列

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
data = df.ix[:, ['序号', '功能划分']].values  # 读所有行的“序号”以及“功能划分”列的值,这里需要嵌套列表
print("获取到所有的值:\n{0}".format(data))  # 格式化输出
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6:获取行号并打印输出

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
print("输出行号列表", df.index.values)
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7:获取列名并打印输出

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
print("输出列标题", df.columns.values)
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8:获取指定行数的值:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
print("输出值:\n", df.sample(3).values)  # 这个方法类似于head()方法以及df.values方法
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9:获取指定列的值:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
print("输出值\n", df['功能划分'].values)
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四、pandas处理Excel数据成为字典

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel(' C:\\文件路径\\文件名.xlsx ')
test_data = []
for i in df.index.values:  # 获取行号的索引,并对其进行遍历:
    # 根据i来获取每一行指定的数据 并利用to_dict转成字典
    row_data = df.ix[i, ['序号', '功能划分', '备注']].to_dict()
    test_data.append(row_data)
print("最终获取到的数据是:\n{0}".format(test_data))
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