


Summary of basic Linux operation commands
下面给大家总结介绍Linux 基本操作命令,希望对需要的朋友有所帮助,更多Linux使用教程请访问Linux视频教程进行学习!
Linux 基本操作命令
文件和目录管理
创建和删除
创建:mkdir
删除:rm
删除非空目录:rm -rf file 目录
删除日志 rm log (等价: $find ./-name “log” -exec rm {} ; )
移动:mv
复制:cp (复制目录:cp -r)
创建文件 touch
查看
显示当前目录下的文件 ls
按时间排序,以列表的方式显示目录项 ls -lrt
ls -l
查看文件内容 cat 可以加 more 、less 控制输出的内容的大小
cat a.text cat a.text | more cat a.text| less
权限
改变文件的拥有者 chown
改变文件读、写、执行等属性 chmod
递归子目录修改: chown -R tuxapp source/
增加脚本可执行权限: chmod a+x myscript
管道和重定向
把前一个命令的执行结果当做后一个命令的输入 |
串联:使用分号 ;
前面成功,则执行后面一条,否则,不执行: &&
前面失败,则后一条执行: ||
ls /proc && echo suss! || echo failed.
文本处理
文件查找 find
find 参数很多,本文只介绍几个常用的
-name 按名字查找
-type 按类型
-atime 访问时间
find . -atime 7 -type f -print find . -type d -print //只列出所有目录 find / -name "hello.c" 查找hello.c文件
文本查找 grep
grep match_patten file // 默认访问匹配行
常用参数
-o 只输出匹配的文本行 VS -v 只输出没有匹配的文本行
-c 统计文件中包含文本的次数
grep -c “text” filename
-n 打印匹配的行号
-i 搜索时忽略大小写
-l 只打印文件名
grep "class" . -R -n # 在多级目录中对文本递归搜索(程序员搜代码的最爱) cat LOG.* | tr a-z A-Z | grep "FROM " | grep "WHERE" > b #将日志中的所有带where条件的sql查找查找出来
文本替换 sed
sed [options] 'command' file(s)
首处替换
sed 's/text/replace_text/' file //替换每一行的第一处匹配的text
全局替换
sed 's/text/replace_text/g' file
默认替换后,输出替换后的内容,如果需要直接替换原文件,使用 -i:
sed -i 's/text/repalce_text/g' file
移除空白行
sed '/^$/d' file
sed 's/book/books/' file #替换文本中的字符串: sed 's/book/books/g' file sed '/^$/d' file #删除空白行
数据流处理 awk
详细教程可以查看 http://awk.readthedocs.io/en/latest/chapte...
awk ' BEGIN{ statements } statements2 END{ statements } '
工作流程
1. 执行 begin 中语句块;
2. 从文件或 stdin 中读入一行,然后执行 statements2,重复这个过程,直到文件全部被读取完毕;
3. 执行 end 语句块;
特殊变量
NR: 表示记录数量,在执行过程中对应当前行号;
NF: 表示字段数量,在执行过程总对应当前行的字段数;
$0: 这个变量包含执行过程中当前行的文本内容;
$1: 第一个字段的文本内容;
$2: 第二个字段的文本内容;
awk '{print $2, $3}' file # 日志格式:'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' #统计日志中访问最多的10个IP awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)print a[i],i|"sort -k1 -nr|head -n10"}' access.log
排序 sort
-n 按数字进行排序 VS -d 按字典序进行排序
-r 逆序排序
-k N 指定按第 N 列排序
sort -nrk 1 data.txt sort -bd data // 忽略像空格之类的前导空白字符
去重 uniq
消除重复行
sort unsort.txt | uniq
统计 wc
wc -l file // 统计行数 wc -w file // 统计单词数 wc -c file // 统计字符数
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