


How to use the sed command to replace strings under Linux
sed命令可以根据规定的格式替换指定文件的字符串并输出,本篇文章我们就来介绍关于Linux下sed命令替换字符串的方法。
要替换字符串,我们需要使用以下格式。
$ sed s/替换的目标字符串/替换后的字符串/ 文件名
在下面我们替换写为“appleorangemelon”的字符串“sample.txt”。
$ sed s/orange/ORANGE/ sample.txt
执行结果为
appleORANGEmelon
替换并输出字符串。
另外,如下所示,在cat命令后用“|”连接sed命令也能得到同样的结果。
$ cat sample.txt | sed s/apple/APPLE/
注意,sed命令仅替换字符串并输出它,但不会重写实际文件的内容
如果要将替换的内容保存在文本中,请使用重定向“>”。
sed命令使用的选项
命令选项 | 说明 |
-e | 替换为指定的脚本 |
-f 文件 | 添加指定文件中描述的脚本文件的内容 |
-r | 使用扩展正则表达式 |
sed命令的使用
替换所有行
在先前介绍的格式中,即使在一个行中存在与多个替换对象字符串匹配的字符串,也仅替换第一个匹配的字符串。
因此,要替换所有匹配的字符串,请执行以下操作:
$ sed -e s/apple/APPLE/g sample.txt
执行结果为
APPLEorangemelonAPPLE
替换行的开头与结尾
$ sed -e "s/^apple/APPLE/" sample.txt $ sed -e "s/apple\$/APPLE/" sample.txt
如果要替换多个子字符串,则可以指定多个脚本。
$ sed -e "s/apple/APPLE/" -e "s/orange/ORANGE/" sample.txt
删除行
指定“d”以删除指定的行。例如,要删除第二行就为“2d”。
$ sed -e '2d' sample.txt
此外,也可以删除多行,下面是删除第1行到第3行。
$ sed -e '1,3d' sample2.txt
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