Analysis of static modified attributes in Java (code example)

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static keyword, we still use it quite often in development. There is the following paragraph in "Java Programming Thoughts"

static method is a method without this. Non-static methods cannot be called inside static methods, but the reverse is possible. And you can call static methods only through the class itself without creating any objects. This is actually the main purpose of static methods.

static is widely used: static variables, static members, static functions, etc. We will use it when using single column mode. And static data members are stored in the static storage area and are only stored once, which can save memory.

static declare attributes

static modify member variables

When we need to define an attribute as public in a class(class) Attribute, just like we need this attribute to be common to all classes, and the value of this attribute is the same.

Test.java

class Book{
    
    // 设置一个默认的值
    static String pub = "清华大学出版社";
    
    // 用来和 static 作为对比
    String description = "描述";
    
    // Book 类正常的属性
    private String title;
    private double price;
    
    // Book 的构造类
    public Book(String title, double price) {
        this.title = title;
        this.price = price;
    }
    
    // 获取 Book 的信息
    public void getInfo(){
        System.out.println("图书名称："+ this.title + "，价格为："+ this.price + "，出版社为："+ this.pub + "，描述 "+ this.description);
    }
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 实例化三个Book类
        Book book1 = new Book("Android开发实战", 69.8);
        Book book2 = new Book("Java EE开发实战", 49.8);
        Book book3 = new Book("Java 开发教程", 79.8);
        
        // 在没有设置 pub 属性的情况下输出
        book1.getInfo();
        book2.getInfo();
        book3.getInfo();
        
        System.out.println("————————————————————无敌分割线————————————————————");
        
        // 我们给 book1 设置一个 pub 属性
        book1.pub = "中信出版社";
        book1.description = "这本书很牛逼，看了你就知道";
        
        book1.getInfo();
        book2.getInfo();
        book3.getInfo();
    }
}

Console output

图书名称：Android开发实战，价格为：69.8，出版社为：清华大学出版社，描述 描述
图书名称：Java EE开发实战，价格为：49.8，出版社为：清华大学出版社，描述 描述
图书名称：Java 开发教程，价格为：79.8，出版社为：清华大学出版社，描述 描述
————————————————————无敌分割线————————————————————
图书名称：Android开发实战，价格为：69.8，出版社为：中信出版社，描述 这本书很牛逼，看了你就知道
图书名称：Java EE开发实战，价格为：49.8，出版社为：中信出版社，描述 描述
图书名称：Java 开发教程，价格为：79.8，出版社为：中信出版社，描述 描述

The results output from the console, you can see:

• If you assign default values ​​to attributes, in the above example (description and pub), the output results are all default.

• When we modify the attribute declared by the static keyword in the class, as long as it is modified once, this attribute of all other objects will be modified.

Calling statically declared attributes through classes

But based on the above code, we found that if it is one of the class objects, the attributes of all objects will be changed, so Doesn’t the sub-operation feel particularly good? Then in Java, if the attribute value is declared using static, it can be called directly through the class.

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 实例化三个Book类
        Book book1 = new Book("Android开发实战", 69.8);
        Book book2 = new Book("Java EE开发实战", 49.8);
        Book book3 = new Book("Java 开发教程", 79.8);
        
        // 在没有设置 pub 属性的情况下输出
        book1.getInfo();
        book2.getInfo();
        book3.getInfo();
        
        System.out.println("————————————————————无敌分割线————————————————————");
        
        // 我们使用 Book 类直接调用pub
        Book.pub = "中信出版社";
        
        book1.description = "这本书很牛逼，看了你就知道";
        
        book1.getInfo();
        book2.getInfo();
        book3.getInfo();
    }
}

When the class is not instantiated, the static attribute is called

Test.java

class Book{
    
    // 设置一个默认的值
    static String pub = "清华大学出版社";
    
    // 用来和 static 作为对比
    String description = "描述";
    
    // Book 类正常的属性
    private String title;
    private double price;
    
    // Book 的构造类
    public Book(String title, double price) {
        this.title = title;
        this.price = price;
    }
    
    // 获取 Book 的信息
    public void getInfo(){
        System.out.println("图书名称："+ this.title + "，价格为："+ this.price + "，出版社为："+ this.pub + "，描述 "+ this.description);
    }
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 在没有实例化对象时，就调用
        System.out.println(Book.pub);
        
        // 没事实例化对象的时候，去给static属性赋值上默认值
        Book.pub = "北京大学出版社";
        System.out.println(Book.pub);
        
        // 新建一个类，输入 pub 属性
        Book book = new Book("Java", 88);
        book.getInfo();
    }
}

Console output

清华大学出版社
北京大学出版社
图书名称：Java，价格为：88.0，出版社为：北京大学出版社，描述 描述

From this, we can see that when the object is not instantiated, the static attribute can be removed directly through the class, and the static attribute can also be modified. Although the static property declaration is in the class structure, it is not controlled by the object and exists independently.

The difference between static properties and non-static properties

• The biggest difference between static properties and ordinary properties (non-static properties) lies in the different memory areas saved. What is modified by static is in the static data area. Instead of on the heap and stack.

• The biggest difference between static properties and non-static properties is that all non-static properties must be instantiated before they can be accessed, but static properties are not controlled by the instantiated object. . In other words, static objects can still be used without creating instantiated objects.

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