PHP脚本的10个技巧(3)_php基础
包含文件
如果你目前着手的Web站点开发项目规模较大,那你对代码重用必定深有体会,比方说,不管是HTML还是PHP代码块,只要项目足够大,比如有1000个Web页,你即便是一年只修改一次包含版权信息的页脚也会让你痛不欲生。
而PHP可以通过一些函数帮助你重用代码,你要具体用到的函数依赖于你打算重用的内容。
主要的函数是:
* include() 和 include_once()
* require() 和require_once()
include()函数包含给定的文件,比如:
include('/home/me/myfile');
包含文件中的任何代码都将在include() 所在的代码页的变量范围之内执行。你可以包含服务器上的静态文件或者包含在其他服务器上的目标文件,方法是组合使用include()和fopen()。
include_once()函数和include()函数功能类似,只是该函数会检查被包含文件内的代码是否已经被目前的脚本所包含过。如果代码已经被脚本所包含,该函数就不再包含相应的文件了。
require()函数用给定文件的内容取代自身。这一替换过程发生在PHP引擎编译你的代码而不是执行代码阶段,这可和include()不一样,后者首先被计算再加到文挡中。require()函数多用于静态元素,而include()函数则主要用于动态元素。和include_once()类似,require_once()函数会检查给定代码是否早已经插入到了文挡内,如果这样,给定代码就不会被再次插入文档。
我建议你最好对诸如版权、静态文本和其他不含变量的元素这类信息采用require函数,那些依赖其他脚本来实现自己内容的元素也最好采用require函数,例如:
[a lot of content]
// insert copyright
require('/home/me/mycopyright');
?>
另一方面,我经常用include()函数把函数库或类似的内容放到脚本之外:
// get my function library
include('/home/me/myfunctions');
// do PHP things with my functions ?>
[a lot of content]
你肯定会问:“那么,被included或者被required的文件都来自哪里呢?”答案很简单:“你的系统。”不过,有时,有些代码会包含了诸如带有用户名和密码的数据库连接函数之类的安全信息,在这样的情况下,显而易见,你肯定不希望这些东西也成为文档的一部分弄得全世界都知道。
你可以把包含文件(included或者required)放在系统的任何地方,只要用户所能用到的PHP可以访问这些文件即可。你还可以给这些文件以任何你希望给出的文件扩展名,或者不设扩展名。
使用include()和require()函数可以让Web站点上普遍存在或者经常变动的元素变得更加容易处理。

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