PHP7 Kernel Analysis 11 Module Extension

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1. Compilation tools

(a).ext_skel: This script mainly generates the configuration required for compilation and the basic structure of the extension

(b).php-config: This script mainly obtains PHP installation information

(c).phpize: used to generate configure files

2. Basic steps for writing extensions

a. Generate the basic framework of the extension through the ext_skel script in the ext directory;

./ext_skel --extname=wu

b. Modify the config.m4 configuration: set the compilation configuration parameters, set the extended source file, dependency library/function check, etc.;

PHP_ARG_WITH(arg_name,check message,help info): 定义一个--with-feature[=arg]这样的编译参数，参数分别为
参数名、执行./configure是展示信息、执行--help时展示信息

$PHP_参数名:获取对应的参数值

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(arg_name,check message,help info): 定义一个--enable-feature[=arg]或--disable-feature参
数，--disable-feature等价于--enable-feature=no，这个宏与PHP_ARG_WITH类似，通常情况下如果配置的参数需
要额外的arg值会使用PHP_ARG_WITH，而如果不需要arg值，只用于开关配置则会使用PHP_ARG_ENABLE。

./configure时输出结果，其中error将会中断configure执行

AC_MSG_CHECKING(message)
AC_MSG_RESULT(message)
AC_MSG_ERROR(message)

AC_DEFINE(variable, value, [description]): 定义一个宏，比如：AC_DEFINE(IS_DEBUG, 1, [])，执行autoheader
时将在头文件中(config.h)生成：#define IS_DEBUG 1。

PHP_ADD_INCLUDE(path): 添加include路径，即：gcc -Iinclude_dir

PHP_CHECK_LIBRARY(library, function [, action-found [, action-not-found ]]): 检查依赖的库中是否存在需要
的function，action-found为存在时执行的动作，action-not-found为不存在时执行的动作

PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH($LIBNAME, $XXX_DIR/$PHP_LIBDIR, XXX_SHARED_LIBADD): 添加链接库

PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(extname, sources [, shared]): 注册一个扩展，添加扩展源文件，确定此扩展是动态库还是静态库，每个扩展的config.m4中都需要通过这个宏完成扩展的编译配置。

c. Write the function to be implemented by the extension: write the function according to the format of the PHP extension and the API provided by PHP;

PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(mytest){
    这个阶段可以进行内部类的注册，如果你的扩展提供
    了类就可以在此函数中完成注册；除了类还可以在此
    函数中注册扩展定义的常量
}

PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(mytest){
    如果你的扩展需要针对每一个请求进行处理则可以设
    置这个函数，如：对请求进行filter
}

PHP_RSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(mytest){
    此函数在请求结束时被调用
}

PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(mytest){
    模块关闭阶段回调的函数，与module_startup_func对应，
    此阶段主要可以进行一些资源的清理
}

PHP_FUNCTION(my_func_1){
   自定义内部函数1
}

PHP_FUNCTION(my_func_1){
   自定义内部函数2(带参)
   zval        *arr;
    //L当数据溢出不报错，s需要第四参数，
   //l(L)整型，(b)布尔型，(d)浮点型，s(S)字符串型，a(A)数组型，o(O)对象型,r资源型，z任意类型
   if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "la", &lval, &arr) == FAILURE){
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }
}

const zend_function_entry mytest_functions[] = {
    PHP_FE(my_func_1,   NULL)
    PHP_FE(my_func_2,   NULL)
    PHP_FE_END //末尾必须加这个
};

zend_module_entry mytest_module_entry = {
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER, //宏统一设置
    "mytest", //模块名
    mytest_functions, //自定义函数数组
    PHP_MINIT(mytest), //扩展初始化回调函数
    PHP_MSHUTDOWN(mytest), //扩展关闭时回调函数
    PHP_RINIT(mytest), //请求开始前回调函数
    PHP_RSHUTDOWN(mytest), //请求结束时回调函数
    NULL, //PHP_MINFO(mytest),php_info展示的扩展信息处理函数
    "1.0.0",
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES //宏统一设置
};

ZEND_GET_MODULE(mytest) //读取mytest_module_entry结构体

d. Generate configure: After the extension is written, execute the phpize script to generate configure and other configuration files ;

phpsize

e. Compile & install: ./configure, make, make install, and then add the extended .so path to php.ini.

./configure
make
make install

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