Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 一些被忽视的PHP函数(简单整理)_php技巧

一些被忽视的PHP函数(简单整理)_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 09:26 AM
php function

sys_getloadavg()
这个函数返回当前系统的负载均值信息(当然 Windows 下不适用),详细文档可以翻阅 PHP 的相关文档。文档中有段示例代码,基本上也就能看出它的用途了。
复制代码 代码如下:

$load = sys_getloadavg();
if ($load[0] > 80) {
header('HTTP/1.1 503 Too busy, try again later');
die('Server too busy. Please try again later.');
}

PS,如果“很不幸”得你的 PHP 环境中没有这个函数,可以考虑使用下面这段代码 via
复制代码 代码如下:

if (!function_exists('sys_getloadavg')) {
function sys_getloadavg()
{
$loadavg_file = '/proc/loadavg';
if (file_exists($loadavg_file)) {
return explode(chr(32),file_get_contents($loadavg_file));
}
return array(0,0,0);
}
}

这一特性如果使用得当,能减轻服务器部分压力。

pack()
pack 对应的还有个函数为 unpack,用于压缩二进制串,文中的作者的示例非常清楚

$pass_hash = pack("H*", md5("my-password"));如果你使用 PHP5,那么可以直接这样子

$pass_hash = md5("my-password", true); // PHP 5+这样做的好处之一是能减少串存储空间(能节省多少呢?可能又会是另篇文章了)。

这里还有个示例代码可以 pack 数组 via
复制代码 代码如下:

function pack_array($v,$a) {
return call_user_func_array(pack,array_merge(array($v),(array)$a));
}

cal_days_in_month()

该函数可以直接返回指定月份中的天数,例如

$days = cal_days_in_month(CAL_GREGORIAN, date("m"), date("Y")); // 31我敢保证,你自己实现过类似功能的函数 :^)

_()
呃,这的确也是个 PHP 函数(也有可能是最短的 PHP 内置函数)。_() 是它的“小名”,它的大名是 gettext()。

写过 Wordpress 皮肤的朋友会了解 __() 以及 _e() 这些函数,其实 PHP 早已经自带了相关的功能。
复制代码 代码如下:

// Set language to German
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE');

// Specify location of translation tables
bindtextdomain("myPHPApp", "./locale");

// Choose domain
textdomain("myPHPApp");

echo _("Have a nice day");

利用 gettext 可以编写多语言的应用,现在您感兴趣的可能就是如何编写 locale 文件,这但已经不是此文涉及的重点,更多信息可以移步到这里。

get_browser()
坦白讲,见到这个函数我当时就彻底泪奔。有了这个函数,再也不用自己去分析 $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] 这个字符串了。

更多的信息可以参考这里。在使用此函数前,你可能需要个 browscap.ini 配置文件,相信你可以搞定的。

debug_print_backtrace()
以前查看函数调用堆栈,我会使用 xdebug 等的扩展,其实 PHP5 版本以后已经内置了相关的函数。

顺便再分享个“蛋疼”的小技巧,如果你记不住这个函数的名字,可以用这段代码同样能达到目的(看起来还是记住那个函数靠谱):
复制代码 代码如下:

$e = new Exception();
print_r(str_replace('/path/to/code/', '', $e->getTraceAsString()));natsort()
这个函数用于自然排序,这个大家可能都要用到。贴下相关的文档链接以及示例代码

$items = array("100 apples", "5 apples", "110 apples", "55 apples");

// normal sorting:
sort($items);
print_r($items);
# Outputs:
# Array
# (
# [0] => 100 apples
# [1] => 110 apples
# [2] => 5 apples
# [3] => 55 apples
# )

natsort($items);
print_r($items);
# Outputs:
# Array
# (
# [2] => 5 apples
# [3] => 55 apples
# [0] => 100 apples
# [1] => 110 apples
# )有关自然排序的算法规则,可以参考这里的文档。

glob()
这个函数的功能同样让人感到泪奔,先不说功能直接上示例代码
复制代码 代码如下:

foreach (glob("*.php") as $file) {
echo "$file\n";
}

相比你已经了解该函数的用途了,那么我们就可以有更多的“玩法”,例如就显示目录(via):

$dirs = array_filter(glob($path.'*'), 'is_dir');当然,文件递归你也可以考虑使用下 SPL 扩展。

补充 by 神仙:

glob 有个参数选项 GLOB_ONLYDIR 就可以只列目录PHP Filter
如果你还在正则验证字符串,那么就真的“Out”了。自 PHP5.2 版本以后,内置了 PHP Fliter 模块用于专门验证 电子邮件、URL 等是否合法,示例代码:

var_dump(filter_var('bob@example.com', FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL));由于是新生的模块,因此还有很多的陷阱,例如

filter_var('abc', FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN); // bool(false)
filter_var('0', FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN); // bool(false)但这不影响我们去尝试。有关 PHP Filter 的更多信息,相信能拎出来另外写篇文章了。

-- Split --

最后,感叹 PHP 其实是个历久弥新的工具,不小心我们就会悲剧性得重复造了只轮子。因此,时常看看 PHP 文档每次都会有新的收获。
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