Detailed explanation of examples of character stream buffers in Java
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了java字符流缓冲区的相关资料,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
本文实例为大家分享了java字符流缓冲区的具体方法,供大家参考,具体内容如下
1. 为什么要缓冲区?
程序频繁地操作一个资源(如文件),则性能会很低,此时为了提升性能,就可以将一部分数据暂时读入到内存的一块区域中,以后直接从此区域中读取数据即可,因为读内存速度比较快,这样提高性能。在IO中引入缓冲区,主要是提高流的读写效率。
2. 缓冲技术的原理?
总的来说,缓冲区就是内存里的一块区域,把数据先存内存里,然后一次性写入,类似数据库的批量操作,这样效率比较高
3. BufferedWriter类
①. 定义
public class BufferedWriter extends Writer
将文本写入字符输出流,缓冲各个字符,从而提供单个字符、数组和字符串的高效写入。
②. 常用的方法:
// 关闭此流,但要先刷新它,实际上调用了Writer类的close方法 public void close() throws IOException // 刷新该流的缓冲 public void flush() throws IOException // 写入一个行分隔符。行分隔符字符串由系统属性 line.separator 定义 public void newLine() throws IOException // 写入字符数组的某一部分 public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException // 写入单个字符 public void write(int c) throws IOException
4. BufferedReader类
①.定义:
public class BufferedReader extends Reader
从字符输入流中读取文本,缓冲各个字符,从而实现字符、数组和行的高效读取。
②. 常用的方法:
// 关闭该流并释放与之关联的所有资源 public void close() throws IOException // 读取一个文本行。通过下列字符之一即可认为某行已终止:换行 ('\n')、回车 ('\r') 或回车后直接跟着换行 public String readLine() throws IOException // 将字符读入数组的某一部分 public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException // 读取单个字符 public int read() throws IOException
范例:通过缓冲区复制一个文本文件
File source = new File("Demo.txt"); if (!source.exists()) { return; } BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null; BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; try { bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(source)); bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("Demo_copy.txt")); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { bufferedWriter.write(line); bufferedWriter.newLine(); // 换行 bufferedWriter.flush(); //将缓冲区数据刷到指定文件中 } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("文件复制失败!"); } finally { // 关闭 bufferedWriter 和 bufferedReader }
5.缓冲区原理图解
6.根据原理图,自定义缓冲类
public class MyBufferedRead extends Reader{ /** * 缓冲区在定义时被缓冲的流对象 */ private Reader read; private char[] buffer = new char[1024]; // 用于记录存储到缓冲区中字符个数的变量 private int count = 0; // 用于操作数据中元素的角标 private int pos = 0; public MyBufferedRead(Reader read) { this.read = read; } /** * 定义一个读取方法,从缓冲区中读取一个字符 */ public int myRead() throws IOException { // 读取一批数据到缓冲数据buffer中 if (count == 0) { count = read.read(); pos = 0; } if (count < 0) return -1; char ch = buffer[pos]; pos++; count--; return ch; } /** * 定义一个读取一行的方法 */ public String myReadLine() throws IOException { StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); int ch = 0; while ((ch = read.read()) != -1) { // 如果遇到此字符,则继续 if (ch == '\r') { continue; } // 如果遇到此字符,表示该行读取结束 if (ch == '\n') { return stringBuilder.toString(); } // 将该行的字符添加到容器 stringBuilder.append((char) ch); } // 如果读取结束,容器中还有字符,则返回元素 if (stringBuilder.length() != 0) { return stringBuilder.toString(); } return null; } /** * 关闭缓冲区 */ public void myClose() throws IOException { read.close(); } @Override public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException { return 0; } @Override public void close() throws IOException { } }
测试自定义缓冲类
public class MyBufferedReadDemo { /** * BufferedReader 方式的read方法 */ @Test public void bufferedDemo() throws IOException{ FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("JAVA专业术语集.txt"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader); int ch = 0; while ((ch = bufferedReader.read()) != -1) { System.out.print((char) ch); } // 关闭 bufferedReader bufferedReader.close(); } /** * 自定义MyBufferedRead类的myRead方法 */ @Test public void myBufferedDemo() throws IOException{ FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("JAVA专业术语集.txt"); MyBufferedRead myBufferedRead = new MyBufferedRead(fileReader); int ch = 0; while ((ch = myBufferedRead.myRead()) != -1) { System.out.print((char) ch); } myBufferedRead.myClose(); } /** * BufferedReader 方式的readLine方法 */ @Test public void readLineDemo() throws IOException{ FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("JAVA专业术语集.txt"); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } bufferedReader.close(); } /** * 自定义MyBufferedRead类的myReadLine方法 */ @Test public void myReadLineDemo() throws IOException{ FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("JAVA专业术语集.txt"); MyBufferedRead myBufferedRead = new MyBufferedRead(fileReader); String line = null; while ((line = myBufferedRead.myReadLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } myBufferedRead.myClose(); } }
①问题:上面有一个范例------缓冲区复制一个文本文件,怎么让复制后每行带有行标?
回答:
要实现此功能,最方便的是使用LineNumberReader,下面我们看下这个类
此类的定义:
public class LineNumberReaderextends BufferedReader
跟踪行号的缓冲字符输入流。此类定义了方法 setLineNumber(int) 和 getLineNumber(),它们可分别用于设置和获取当前行号。
实现上面功能程序代码如下:
FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("tempFile\\demo.java"); LineNumberReader lineNumberReader = new LineNumberReader(fileReader); String line = null; // 设置开始行号 lineNumberReader.setLineNumber(10); while ((line = lineNumberReader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(lineNumberReader.getLineNumber() + "\t" + line); } lineNumberReader.close();
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