Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Detailed explanation of usage examples of private attributes in PHP classes

Detailed explanation of usage examples of private attributes in PHP classes

Jun 30, 2017 am 09:14 AM
php private Example

首先 这个题目就有点问题 因为private属性是不能被继承的

请仔细看这句话 如果父类有私有的属性。那么父类的方法只为父类的私有属性服务。
下面通过一系列列子来加深理解.
这个例子看起来很奇怪,在子类中重新定义了一个属性$sal,系统却返回了父类的属性。 

<?php
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
//protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 

public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>
Copy after login

程序运行结果:

PHP 5.3.8 
3000 
parent&#39;s $sal 3000
Copy after login


如果父类中的属性被子类重写了。结果是这样的。注意 第5行的属性定义变成了protected。

<?php 
class employee{ 
//private $sal=3000; 
protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>
Copy after login

程序运行结果:

PHP 5.3.8 
5000 
parent&#39;s $sal 5000
Copy after login

第一个列子中 父类的private $sal没有被重写 所以$manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用的是父类自己的私有属性$sal 此时内存中有两个$sal
第二个列子中 父类的protected $sal被重写 $manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用已经被重写的$sal 父类的$sal在内存中是不存在的 此时内存中只有一个$sal
接下来看第三个列子
子类中重写的方法对当前private有效。

<?php 
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
private $sal=5000; 
//重写过的方法 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
public function getParentSal(){ 
//这里返回的是父类的private属性. 
return parent::getSal(); 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
echo "<br>"; 
echo "parent&#39;s \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); 
?>
Copy after login

运行结果

PHP 5.3.8 
5000 
parent&#39;s $sal 3000
Copy after login

这个列子中子类重写getSal()方法 所以他调用的是子类的属性
如果你注释子类的这一行
//private $sal=5000;
你会发现一个错误:Notice: Undefined property: Manager::$sal in E:\wamp\www\oo\2-5\2-5-3.php on line 14
如果注释掉12行的子类重写方法 那么echo $manager->getSal();得到的结果是 父类的私有属性$sal 3000

打开zend调试状态看看,内存中的情况。注意最下面,有两个$sal 。分别是 3000 和 5000 。

<?php 
class employee{ 
private $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
?>
Copy after login

程序运行结果:

PHP 5.3.8 
3000
Copy after login

将父类的属性$sal 改成 protected ,子类重写了父类的属性。在内存中只有一个 $sal 。

<?php 
class employee{ 
protected $sal=3000; 
public function getSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
class Manager extends employee { 
protected $sal=5000; 
public function getParentSal(){ 
return $this->sal; 
} 
} 
$manager = new Manager(); 
echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; 
echo $manager->getSal(); 
?>
Copy after login

程序运行结果:

PHP 5.3.8 
5000
Copy after login

如果你学过java,你会觉得这一切都是很难理解的。
在Java中当子类被创建时,父类的属性和方法在内存中都被创建,甚至构造函数也要被调用。
PHP5不是这样,PHP5调用父类用的是parent:: 而不是 parent-> ,这足以说明PHP5不想在内存中让父类也被创建。PHP5想让继承变的比Java更简单。适应下就好。

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