


Detailed explanation of usage examples of private attributes in PHP classes
首先 这个题目就有点问题 因为private属性是不能被继承的
请仔细看这句话 如果父类有私有的属性。那么父类的方法只为父类的私有属性服务。
下面通过一系列列子来加深理解.
这个例子看起来很奇怪,在子类中重新定义了一个属性$sal,系统却返回了父类的属性。
<?php class employee{ private $sal=3000; //protected $sal=3000; public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } } class Manager extends employee { protected $sal=5000; public function getParentSal(){ //这里返回的是父类的private属性. return parent::getSal(); } } $manager = new Manager(); echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; echo $manager->getSal(); echo "<br>"; echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); ?>
程序运行结果:
PHP 5.3.8 3000 parent's $sal 3000
如果父类中的属性被子类重写了。结果是这样的。注意 第5行的属性定义变成了protected。
<?php class employee{ //private $sal=3000; protected $sal=3000; public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } } class Manager extends employee { protected $sal=5000; public function getParentSal(){ //这里返回的是父类的private属性. return parent::getSal(); } } $manager = new Manager(); echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; echo $manager->getSal(); echo "<br>"; echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); ?>
程序运行结果:
PHP 5.3.8 5000 parent's $sal 5000
第一个列子中 父类的private $sal没有被重写 所以$manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用的是父类自己的私有属性$sal 此时内存中有两个$sal
第二个列子中 父类的protected $sal被重写 $manager->getSal()这个父类的方法 调用已经被重写的$sal 父类的$sal在内存中是不存在的 此时内存中只有一个$sal
接下来看第三个列子
子类中重写的方法对当前private有效。
<?php class employee{ private $sal=3000; public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } } class Manager extends employee { private $sal=5000; //重写过的方法 public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } public function getParentSal(){ //这里返回的是父类的private属性. return parent::getSal(); } } $manager = new Manager(); echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; echo $manager->getSal(); echo "<br>"; echo "parent's \$sal ".$manager->getParentSal(); ?>
运行结果
PHP 5.3.8 5000 parent's $sal 3000
这个列子中子类重写getSal()方法 所以他调用的是子类的属性
如果你注释子类的这一行
//private $sal=5000;
你会发现一个错误:Notice: Undefined property: Manager::$sal in E:\wamp\www\oo\2-5\2-5-3.php on line 14
如果注释掉12行的子类重写方法 那么echo $manager->getSal();得到的结果是 父类的私有属性$sal 3000
打开zend调试状态看看,内存中的情况。注意最下面,有两个$sal 。分别是 3000 和 5000 。
<?php class employee{ private $sal=3000; public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } } class Manager extends employee { protected $sal=5000; public function getParentSal(){ return $this->sal; } } $manager = new Manager(); echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; echo $manager->getSal(); ?>
程序运行结果:
PHP 5.3.8 3000
将父类的属性$sal 改成 protected ,子类重写了父类的属性。在内存中只有一个 $sal 。
<?php class employee{ protected $sal=3000; public function getSal(){ return $this->sal; } } class Manager extends employee { protected $sal=5000; public function getParentSal(){ return $this->sal; } } $manager = new Manager(); echo "PHP ".phpversion()."<br>"; echo $manager->getSal(); ?>
程序运行结果:
PHP 5.3.8 5000
如果你学过java,你会觉得这一切都是很难理解的。
在Java中当子类被创建时,父类的属性和方法在内存中都被创建,甚至构造函数也要被调用。
PHP5不是这样,PHP5调用父类用的是parent:: 而不是 parent-> ,这足以说明PHP5不想在内存中让父类也被创建。PHP5想让继承变的比Java更简单。适应下就好。
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