XML development basics-XML tree structure
XMLThe document forms a tree structure, starting from the "root" and extending to the "leaves".
An XML document example
XML uses a simple self-descriptive syntax:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <note> <to>George</to> <from>John</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget the meeting this weekend!</body> </note>
The first line is the XML declaration. It defines the version of XML (1.0) and the encoding used (ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/Western European Character Set).
The next line describes the root element of the document (like saying: "This document is a sticky note"):
<note>
The next 4 lines describe the 4 child elements of the root (to, from, heading and body):
<to>George</to> <from>John</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget the meeting this weekend!</body>
The last line defines the end of the root element:
</note>
As you can imagine from this example, the XML document contains a note from John to George.
XML is brilliantly self-describing, don’t you agree?
XML documents form a tree structure
XML documents must contain a root element. This element is the parent element of all other elements.
The elements in the XML document form a document tree. The tree starts at the root and expands to the very bottom of the tree.
All elements can have child elements:
<root> <child> <subchild>.....</subchild> </child> </root>
Terms such as parent, child, and sibling are used to describe the relationship between elements. Parent elements own child elements. Child elements at the same level become siblings (brothers or sisters).
All elements can have text content and attributes (similar to HTML).
Example
The above figure represents a book in the following XML:
<bookstore> <book category="COOKING"> <title>Everyday Italian</title> <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author> <year>2005</year> <price>30.00</price> </book> <book category="CHILDREN"> <title>Harry Potter</title> <author>J K. Rowling</author> <year>2005</year> <price>29.99</price> </book> <book category="WEB"> <title>LearningXML</title> <author>Erik T. Ray</author> <year>2003</year> <price>39.95</price> </book> </bookstore>
The root element in the example is
The
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