(Advanced) Several commonly used encryption functions in PHP
在网站的开发过程中,常常需要对部分数据(如用户密码)进行加密,本文主要介绍PHP的几个常见的加密函数
MD5加密:
string md5 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )
1.md5()默认情况下以 32 字符十六进制数字形式返回散列值,它接受两个参数,第一个为要加密的字符串,第二个为raw_output的布尔值,默认为false,如果设置为true,md5()则会返回原始的 16 位二进制格式报文摘要
2.md5()为单向加密,没有逆向解密算法,但是还是可以对一些常见的字符串通过收集,枚举,碰撞等方法破解
<?php $username='jellybool'; $password='jellybool.com'; /*简单地对字符串进行md5加密*/ echo md5($username); echo "<hr>"; echo md5($password); echo "<hr>"; /*更推荐的做法是对重要的敏感数据进行多次加密,以防被轻易破解*/ echo md5(md5($password));/*以上输出: username:4f5436e5d72608fb647b691e8edcf42e password:7bf02cf0f4af6da4accbc73d2a175476 password(两次加密):864704bb35754f8cd0232cba6b91521b */ ?>
Crypt加密:
string crypt ( string $str [, string $salt ] )
1.crypt()接受两个参数,第一个为需要加密的字符串,第二个为盐值(就是加密干扰值,如果没有提供,则默认由PHP自动生成);返回散列后的字符串或一个少于 13 字符的字符串,后者为了区别盐值。
2.crypt()为单向加密,跟md5一样。
<?php $password='jellybool.com'; echo crypt($password);//输出:$1$Fe0.qr5.$WOhkI4/5VPo7n7TnXHh5K /*第二个$与第三个$之间的八个字符是由PHP生成的,每刷新一次就变一次*/ echo "<hr>"; echo crypt($password,"jellybool");//输出:je7fNiu1KNaEs /*当我们要加自定义的盐值时,如例子中的jellybool作为第二个参数直接加入, 超出两位字符的会截取前两位*/ echo "<hr>"; echo crypt($password,'$1$jellybool$'); //输出:$1$jellyboo$DxH7wF7SygRpWb6XBBgfH/ /* crypt加密函数有多种盐值加密支持,以上例子展示的是MD5散列作为盐值,该方式下 盐值以$1$$的形式加入,如例子中的jellybool加在后两个$符之间, 超出八位字符的会截取前八位,总长为12位;crypt默认就是这种形式。*/ echo "<hr>";//crypt还有多种盐值加密支持,详见手册 ?>
Sha1加密:
string sha1 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ]
1.跟md5很像,不同的是sha1()默认情况下返回40个字符的散列值,传入参数性质一样,第一个为加密的字符串,第二个为raw_output的布尔值,默认为false,如果设置为true,sha1()则会返回原始的20 位原始格式报文摘要
2.sha1()也是单行加密,没有逆向解密算法
<?php $my_intro="jellybool"; echo sha1($my_intro);//输出:c98885c04c1208fd4d0b1dadd3bd2a9ff4d042ca echo "<hr>";//当然,可以将多种加密算法混合使用 echo md5(sha1($my_intro));//输出:94f25bf9214f88b1ef065a3f9b5d9874// 这种方式的双重加密也可以提高数据的安全性 ?>
Urlencode加密:
string urlencode ( string $str )
1.一个参数,传入要加密的字符串(通常应用于对URL的加密),
2.urlencode为双向加密,可以用urldecode来加密(严格意义上来说,不算真正的加密)
3.返回字符串,此字符串中除了 -_. 之外的所有非字母数字字符都将被替换成百分号(%)后跟两位十六进制数,空格则编码为加号(+)。
<?php //urlencode()通常用于URL中明文数据的隐藏 $my_urlencode="jellybool.com?jellybool=true + 4-3%5= \& @!"; echo urlencode($my_urlencode); //输出:jellybool.com%3Fjellybool%3Dtrue+%2B+4-3%255%3D+%5C%26+%40%21 echo "<hr>"; $my_urldecode="jellybool.com%3Fjellybool%3Dtrue+%2B+4-3%255%3D+%5C%26+%40%21"; echo urldecode($my_urldecode); //输出:jellybool.com?jellybool=true + 4-3%5= \& @! //还原了$my_urlencode的输出 echo "<hr>"; $my_urldecode="http://www.baidu.com/s?word=jellybool+%E8%A7%89%E7%B4%AF%E4%B8%8D%E7%88%B1&tn=98236947_hao_pg&ie=utf-8"; echo urldecode($my_urldecode); /*输出:http://www.baidu.com/s?word=jellybool 觉累不爱&tn=98236947_hao_pg&ie=utf-8没错,这就是在百度搜索jellybool 觉累不爱 */ /* ========================================================================= 解决第二个经典问题 ========================================================================= */ $pre_url_encode="jellybool.com?username=jellybool&password=jelly"; //在实际开发中,我们很多时候要构造这种URL,这是没有问题的 $url_decode ="jellybool.com?username=jelly&bool&password=jelly"; /*注意上面两个变量的差别:第一个的username=jellybool, 第二个为username=jelly&bool 这种情况下用$_GET()来接受是会出问题的,这是可以用下面的方法解决 */ $username="jelly&bool"; $url_decode="jellybool.com?username=".urlencode($username)."&password=jelly"; //这是可以很好的解决问题 /* 总结一下常见的urlencode()的转换字符 ?=> %3F = => %3D % => %25 & => %26 \ => %5C + => %2B 空格 => + */
base64编码加密:
string base64_decode ( string $encoded_data )
1.base64_encode()接受一个参数,也就是要编码的数据(这里不说字符串,是因为很多时候base64用来编码图片)
2.base64_encode()为双向加密,可用base64_decode()来解密
<?php $my_intro="JellyBool是一个身材有高度,肩膀有宽度,胸肌有厚度,思想有深度的 国家免检五A级优质伪前端IT男屌丝"; echo base64_encode($my_intro); echo "<hr>"; /*输出:SmVsbHlCb29s5piv5LiA5Liq6Lqr5p2Q5pyJ6auY5bqmLOiCqeiGgOacieWuveW 6pizog7jogozmnInljprluqYs5oCd5oOz5pyJ5rex5bqm55qE5Zu95a625YWN5qOA5Lq UQee6p+S8mOi0qOS8quWJjeerr0lU55S35bGM5Lid */ echo base64_decode('SmVsbHlCb29s5piv5LiA5Liq6Lqr5p2Q5pyJ6auY5bqmLOiCqeiGg OacieWuveW6pizog7jogozmnInljprluqYs5oCd5oOz5pyJ5rex5bqm55qE5Zu95a6 25YWN5qOA5LqUQee6p+S8mOi0qOS8quWJjeerr0lU55S35bGM5Lid'); /*输出:JellyBool是一个身材有高度,肩膀有宽度,胸肌有厚度,思想有深度的国家免检五A 级优质伪前端IT男屌丝 */ ?>
一个图片的例子:
<?php/* 一个图片的应用例子 */$filename="https://worktile.com/img/index/index_video.png"; $data=file_get_contents($filename); echo base64_encode($data); /*然后你查看网页源码就会得到一大串base64的字符串, 再用base64_decode()还原就可以得到图片 */
以上就是(进阶篇)PHP的几个常用加密函数的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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