Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Detailed introduction to basic learning of Linux shell scripts (8)

Detailed introduction to basic learning of Linux shell scripts (8)

Feb 04, 2017 am 09:29 AM

Linux shell脚本前面的实例是说明十进制和二进制的转换,还以一个有关文件循环的实例来结束这部分内容的学习。相信Linux shell脚本的基础学习的学习者应该能够掌握一些简单的Linux shell脚本的编写。
文件循环程序
或许您是想将所有发出的邮件保存到一个文件中的人们中的一员,但是在过了几个月以后,这个文件可能会变得很大以至于使对该文件的访问速度变慢。下面的 脚本rotatefile可
以解决这个问题。这个脚本可以重命名邮件保存文件(假设为outmail)为outmail.1,而对于 outmail.1就变成了outmail.2 等等等等...

#!/bin/sh
# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:
ver="0.1"
help()
{
cat <
rotatefile -- rotate the file name
USAGE: rotatefile [-h] filename
OPTIONS: -h help text
EXAMPLE: rotatefile out
This will e.g rename out.2 to out.3, out.1 to out.2, out to out.1
and create an empty out-file
The max number is 10
version $ver
HELP
exit 0
}
error()
{
echo "$1"
exit 1
}
while [ -n "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
-h) help;shift 1;;
--) break;;
-*) echo "error: no such option $1. -h for help";exit 1;;
*) break;;
esac
done
# input check:
if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
error "ERROR: you must specify a file, use -h for help"
fi
filen="$1"
# rename any .1 , .2 etc file:
for n in 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1; do
if [ -f "$filen.$n" ]; then
p=`expr $n + 1`
echo "mv $filen.$n $filen.$p"
mv $filen.$n $filen.$p
fi
done
# rename the original file:
if [ -f "$filen" ]; then
echo "mv $filen $filen.1"
mv $filen $filen.1
fi
echo touch $filen
touch $filen
Copy after login

这个脚本是如何工作的呢?在检测用户提供了一个文件名以后,我们进行一个9到1的循环。文件9被命名为10,文件8重命名为9等等。循环完成之后,我们将原始文件命名为文件1
同时建立一个与原始文件同名的空文件。
调试
最简单的调试命令当然是使用echo命令。您可以使用echo在任何怀疑出错的地方打印任何变量值。这也是绝大多数的shell程序员要花费80%的时间来调试程序的原因。Shell程序的
好处在于不需要重新编译,插入一个echo命令也不需要多少时间。
shell也有一个真实的调试模式。如果在脚本"strangescript" 中有错误,您可以这样来进行调试:

sh -x strangescript
Copy after login


这将执行该脚本并显示所有变量的值。
shell还有一个不需要执行脚本只是检查语法的模式。可以这样使用:

sh -n your_script
Copy after login


这将返回所有语法错误
这里Linux shell脚本基础学习就全部结束了。感谢大家的支持。

以上就是详细介绍Linux shell脚本基础学习(八)的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!


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