


Tips for matching regular expressions that do not contain certain strings
经常我们会遇到想找出不包含某个字符串的文本,程序员最容易想到的是在正则表达式里使用,^(hede)来过滤”hede”字串,但这种写法是错误的。我们可以这样写:[^hede],但这样的正则表达式完全是另外一个意思,它的意思是字符串里不能包含‘h',‘e',‘d'三个但字符。那什么样的正则表达式能过滤出不包含完整“hello”字串的信息呢?
事实上,说正则表达式里不支持逆向匹配并不是百分之百的正确。就像这个问题,我们就可以使用否定式查找来模拟出逆向匹配,从而解决我们的问题:
^((?!hede).)*$
上面这个表达式就能过滤出不包含‘hede'字串的信息。我上面也说了,这种写法并不是正则表达式“擅长”的用法,但它是可以这样用的。
解释
一个字符串是由n个字符组成的。在每个字符之前和之后,都有一个空字符。这样,一个由n个字符组成的字符串就有n+1个空字符串。我们来看一下“ABhedeCD”这个字符串:
所有的e编号的位置都是空字符。表达式(?!hede).会往前查找,看看前面是不是没有“hede”字串,如果没有(是其它字符),那么.(点号)就会匹配这些其它字符。这种正则表达式的“查找”也叫做“zero-width-assertions”(零宽度断言),因为它不会捕获任何的字符,只是判断。
在上面的例子里,每个空字符都会检查其前面的字符串是否不是‘hede',如果不是,这.(点号)就是匹配捕捉这个字符。表达式(?!hede).只执行一次,所以,我们将这个表达式用括号包裹成组(group),然后用*(星号)修饰——匹配0次或多次:
((?!hede).)*。
你可以理解,正则表达式((?!hede).)*匹配字符串"ABhedeCD"的结果false,因为在e3位置,(?!hede)匹配不合格,它之前有"hede"字符串,也就是包含了指定的字符串。
在正则表达式里, ?! 是否定式向前查找,它帮我们解决了字符串“不包含”匹配的问题。
以下是一些补充:
分享下php生成随机数的三种方法,生成1-10之间的不重复随机数,php生成不重复随机数的例子,需要的朋友参考下。
在hacker news上看到regex golf,几道很有趣的正则表达式的题,有的需要用到不匹配这种匹配,比如需要匹配不包含某个单词的串。
开始正题之前,先来看看正则表达式的语法:
[abc] a或b或c . 任意单个字符 a? 零个或一个a
[^abc] 任意不是abc的字符 \s 空格 a* 零个或多个a
[a-z] a-z的任意字符 \S 非空格 a+ 一个或多个a
[a-zA-Z] a-z或A-Z \d 任意数字 a{n} 正好出现n次a
^ 一行开头 \D 任意非数字 a{n,} 至少出现n次a
$ 一行末尾 \w 任意字母数字或下划线 a{n,m} 出现n-m次a
(...) 括号用于分组 \W 任意非字母数字或下划线 a*? 零个或多个a(非贪婪)
(a|b) a或b \b 单词边界 (a)...\1 引用分组
(?=a) 前面有a (?!a) 前面没有a \B 非单词边界
正则表达式中有(?=a)和(?!a)来表示我们是否需要匹配某个东西。
所以,有需要不匹配某样内容时,就可以用(?!a)了。比如要匹配不含hello的字符串就可以这样写。
^(?!.*hello)
这里.*用来表示hello之前可能有其他的字符,为什么还要加^呢,因为如果不加的话,可能匹配到h之后的这个位置上了。
现在就可以解决regex golf上的abba这道题了。
这道题是去匹配不含abba这种形式的单词,比如abba,anallagmatic就不应该匹配上。
正则表达式代码:
^(?!.*(.)(.)\2\1)
然后利用不匹配,还可以解决prime这道题,这道题匹配有素数个x的串,先看正则。
^(?!(xx+)\1+$)
(xx+)是匹配2个及2个以上的x,(xx+)\1+就是匹配重复出现2个及以上的串,所以(xx+)\1+就表示了那些非素数的串,那么素数串就是除去这些非素数串,即是以上的正则表达式了。
更多Tips for matching regular expressions that do not contain certain strings相关文章请关注PHP中文网!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.
