Constructor call of anonymous inner class in java
与人讨论匿名内部类的构造方法问题,自己写代码看看原理到底是什么样子的。因为类是匿名的,所以就无从创建一个同名的构造方法了。但是可以直接调用父类的构造方法。测试代码如下:
Java代码
package testtest; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { InnerTest inner = new InnerTest(); Test t = inner.get(3); System.out.println(t.getI()); } } class Test { private int i; public Test(int i) { this.i = i; } public int getI() { return i; } } class InnerTest { public Test get(int x) { return new Test(x) { @Override public int getI() { return super.getI() * 10; } }; } }
编译之后得到4个class文件:Test.class,InnerTest.class,InnerTest$1.class以及Main.class。容易看出来,Main.class是测试类的class文件,Test.class是超类Test的class文件,InnerTest.class是InnerTest 的class文件,最值得关注的就是匿名内部类的class文件InnerTest$1.class。
首先javap -c InnerTest$1
Java代码
Compiled from "Main.java" class testtest.InnerTest$1 extends testtest.Test{ final testtest.InnerTest this$0; testtest.InnerTest$1(testtest.InnerTest, int); Code: 0: aload_0 1: aload_1 2: putfield #1; //Field this$0:Ltesttest/InnerTest; 5: aload_0 6: iload_2 7: invokespecial #2; //Method testtest/Test."<init>〈init〉":(I)V 10: return public int getI(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #3; //Method testtest/Test.getI:()I 4: bipush 10 6: imul 7: ireturn } </init>
很明显,虽然我们看来是匿名内部类,但编译的时候给这个类指定了名字
InnerTest$1,而且看出来是继承自Test:
Java代码
class testtest.InnerTest$1 extends testtest.Test
而且在这个类有构造方法:
Java代码
testtest.InnerTest$1(testtest.InnerTest, int);
这里也很容易理解,两个参数,一个是匿名内部类的外部类引用直接传了进来,这也是我们能在内部类中直接访问外部类成员的实现原理。另外一个就是int类型的参数了。也就是说其实编译器自动的给我们添加了带参数的构造方法。继续往下看:
7: invokespecial #2; //Method testtest/Test."
这就是调用父类的构造方法了 。
接下来 ,我们 只要看 InnerTest中 get方法 的 实现就可以了 :
Csharp代码
Compiled from "Main.java" class testtest.InnerTest extends java.lang.Object{ testtest.InnerTest(); Code: 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1; //Method java/lang/Object."<init>〈init〉":()V 4: return public testtest.Test get(int); Code: 0: new #2; //class testtest/InnerTest$1 3: dup 4: aload_0 5: iload_1 6: invokespecial #3; //Method testtest/InnerTest$1."<init>〈init〉":(Ltesttest/InnerTest;I)V 9: areturn } </init></init><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">
到这里一切都清楚了,InnerTest中对待匿名内部类和对待普通类一样,
先是
Csharp代码
0: new #2; //class testtest/InnerTest$1
然后调用其构造方法:
Java代码
6: invokespecial #3; //Method testtest/InnerTest$1."〈init〉":(Ltesttest/InnerTest;I)V<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">
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Anonymous inner classes can cause memory leaks. The problem is that they hold a reference to the outer class, preventing the outer class from being garbage collected. Solutions include: 1. Use weak references. When the external class is no longer held by a strong reference, the garbage collector will immediately recycle the weak reference object; 2. Use soft references. The garbage collector will recycle the weak reference object when it needs memory during garbage collection. Only then the soft reference object is recycled. In actual combat, such as in Android applications, the memory leak problem caused by anonymous inner classes can be solved by using weak references, so that the anonymous inner class can be recycled when the listener is not needed.

Anonymous inner classes are special inner classes in Java that have no explicit name and are created through the new expression. They are mainly used to implement specific interfaces or extend abstract classes and are used immediately after creation. Common anonymous inner class design patterns include: Adapter pattern: converts one interface into another interface. Strategy Pattern: Defining and Replacement Algorithms. Observer pattern: Register observers and handle events. It is very useful in practical applications, such as sorting a TreeSet by string length, creating anonymous threads, etc.

Anonymous inner classes are not suitable for use when: need to access private members, need multiple instances, need inheritance, need to access generic types

Anonymous inner classes are used in Java as special inner classes that facilitate subclassing, simplifying code, and handling events (such as button clicks). Practical cases include: Event handling: Use anonymous inner classes to add click event listeners for buttons. Data transformation: Sort collections using Collections.sort method and anonymous inner class as comparator.

Anonymous inner class usage error: Accessing an out-of-scope variable using catching an undeclared exception in a non-thread-safe environment

The limitations of anonymous inner classes include: inability to access external local variables; inability to directly access external this reference; inability to throw checked exceptions; code redundancy; inability to serialize.

The performance problem of anonymous inner classes is that they are recreated every time they are used, which can be optimized through the following strategies: 1. Store anonymous inner classes in local variables; 2. Use non-static inner classes; 3. Use lambda expressions. Practical tests show that lambda expression optimization has the best effect.

Anonymous inner classes simplify the creation of multi-threaded code, eliminating the need for naming and enabling instant definition and use of thread classes. The main advantage is to simplify the code, while the limitation is that it cannot be extended. Use when you need to quickly create one or two threads. Keep the code short. If more complex logic is required, a separate class file should be created.
