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一步一步学习PHP(8) php 数组_php基础

May 17, 2016 am 09:02 AM
php array

1. PHP中的数组
与其把PHP中的数组理解为我们狭义上的“数组”,我觉得还不妨把这个数组一分为二,一者为我们常规上的数组,一者为我们的Dictionary。
2. 创建数组
如果数组不存在,那么向数组中存放值将会创建数组。
复制代码 代码如下:

$address[0]='北京';
$address[1]='上海';
$address[2]='南京';
$introduce['北京']='首都';
$introduce['上海']='国际大都市';
$introduce['南京']='不了解了';
?>

还有一种较为正统的方法,使用array()语言结构,这也是我倾向的一种方式:
复制代码 代码如下:

$address=array('北京','上海','南京');
$introduce=array('北京'=>'首都',
'上海'=>'国际大都市',
'南京'=>'不了解了'
);
?>

当然我们还可以用这样的方式创建一个空数组:
复制代码 代码如下:

$nullArray=array();
?>

3. 访问数组元素
访问数组元素其实和传统方式一样:
复制代码 代码如下:

$address=array('北京','上海','南京');
$introduce=array('北京'=>'首都',
'上海'=>'国际大都市',
'南京'=>'不了解了'
);
echo($address[1]);
echo($introduce['上海']);
?>

4. 遍历数组元素
遍历数组最常用的方式就是foreach,也比较通用。
复制代码 代码如下:

$address=array('北京','上海','南京');
$introduce=array('北京'=>'首都',
'上海'=>'国际大都市',
'南京'=>'不了解了'
);
foreach($address as $value)
{
echo($value.'
');
}
foreach($introduce as $key=>$value)
{
echo("$key => $value
");
}
?>

foreach遍历数组很容易,但是他有一个缺点,就是他并不是直接操作原数组,而是在遍历前先复制一份原数组的拷贝,这样就造成了时间和空间上的浪费。
那么有个简单的方法,就是for。
复制代码 代码如下:

$address=array('北京','上海','南京');
$introduce=array('北京'=>'首都',
'上海'=>'国际大都市',
'南京'=>'不了解了'
);
for($i=0;$i{
echo("$address[$i]
");
}
?>

这个虽然简单,但是也有缺点,就是只可以遍历索引数组,没有办法遍历字典。
于是,在PHP中提出了迭代器函数。
其中最常用的就是each()函数。看个简单的例子吧:
复制代码 代码如下:

$introduce=array('城市名'=>'介绍',
'北京'=>'首都',
'上海'=>'国际大都市',
'南京'=>'不了解了'
);
reset($introduce);
echo('');
while(list($city,$intro)=each($introduce))
{
echo("");
}
echo('
$city $intro
');
?>

image 
做个解释,each()函数用于遍历数组元素,类似于我们在常规意义上的迭代器。而且使用迭代函数的最大好处是并不会像foreach语言结构一样产生一个原数组的拷贝,在处理大数组时是很有用的。
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