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PHP动态规划解决0-1背包问题实例分析_php技巧

May 16, 2016 pm 08:19 PM
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本文实例分析了PHP动态规划解决0-1背包问题。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

背包问题描述:一个承受最大重量为W的背包,现在有n个物品,每个物品重量为t, 每个物品的价值为v。
要使得这个背包重量最大(但不能超过W),同时又需要背包的价值最大。

思路:定义一个二维数组,一维为物品数量(表示每个物品),二维是重量(不超过最大,这里是15),下面数组a,
动态规划原理思想,max(opt(i-1,w),wi+opt(i-1,w-wi)) 当中最大值,
opt(i-1,w-wi)指上一个最优解

<&#63;php
//这是我根据动态规划原理写的
// max(opt(i-1,w),wi+opt(i-1,w-wi))
//背包可以装最大的重量
$w=15;
//这里有四件物品,每件物品的重量
$dx=array(3,4,5,6);
//每件物品的价值
$qz=array(8,7,4,9);
//定义一个数组
$a=array();
//初始化
for($i=0;$i<=15;$i++){ $a[0][$i]=0; }
for ($j=0;$j<=4;$j++){ $a[$j][0]=0; }
//opt(i-1,w),wi+opt(i-1,w-wi)
for ($j=1;$j<=4;$j++){
  for($i=1;$i<=15;$i++){
    $a[$j][$i]=$a[$j-1][$i];
    //不大于最大的w=15
    if($dx[$j-1]<=$w){
      if(!isset($a[$j-1][$i-$dx[$j-1]])) continue;
      //wi+opt(i-1,wi)
      $tmp = $a[$j-1][$i-$dx[$j-1]]+$qz[$j-1];
      //opt(i-1,w),wi+opt(i-1,w-wi) => 进行比较 
      if($tmp>$a[$j][$i]){
        $a[$j][$i]=$tmp;
      }
    }
  }
}
//打印这个数组,输出最右角的值是可以最大价值的
for ($j=0;$j<=4;$j++){
  for ($i=0;$i<=15;$i++){
    echo $a[$j][$i]."/t";
    } echo "/n";
}
&#63;>
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希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。

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