借助sass的Maps功能使得响应式代码更有条理_html/css_WEB-ITnose
原文来自这里
本文综合了原文(by Jonathan Suh)以及笔者自己的理解。
Introduction
众所周知,写代码与写维护性高的代码是两回事.而涉及到响应式,代码又特别容易变的杂乱.借助sass maps所提供的拓扑功能,我们可以尝试减轻这一痛点.
以下的代码还是很常见的:
p { font-size: 15px; }@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { p { font-size: 16px; }}@media screen and (min-width: 640px) { p { font-size: 17px; }}@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { p { font-size: 19px; }}
两个问题点:1.DRY, 2.Magic Number.
也许sass的变量可以解决问题2。
$p-font-size-mobile : 15px;$p-font-size-small : 16px;$p-font-size-medium : 17px;$p-font-size-large : 19px;
但是变量多了之后,代码会变成这样:
$p-font-size-mobile : 15px;$p-font-size-small : 16px;$p-font-size-medium : 17px;$p-font-size-large : 19px;$h1-font-size-mobile: 28px;$h1-font-size-small : 31px;$h1-font-size-medium: 33px;$h1-font-size-large : 36px;..............
超多的变量显得毫无章法。
Sass maps初试
声明如下的sass变量:
$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, 480px : 16px, 640px : 17px, 1024px: 19px);
接下来,创建mixin,遍历属性,生成对应的media queries
@mixin font-size($fs-map) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { font-size: $fs-font-size; } @else { @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { font-size: $fs-font-size; } } }}
Sass 还提供了一些其它的语法糖,可以参考这里
这时我们可以在任意的地方引入mixin
p { @include font-size($p-font-sizes);}
结果和文章开头是一样的.
Solving Breakpoint Fragmentation
上面的代码似乎还是有一点脆弱,如果我们希望引入更多的Breakpoint,或着说p tag 与h1 tag 希望引入不同的Breakpoint.事情就会变的很麻烦.考虑到这一点,我们可以将代码进行重构.
$breakpoints: ( small : 480px, medium: 700px, // Previously 640px large : 1024px);$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, small : 16px, medium: 17px, large : 19px);$h1-font-sizes: ( null : 28px, small : 31px, medium: 33px, large : 36px);@mixin font-size($fs-map, $fs-breakpoints: $breakpoints) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { font-size: $fs-font-size; } @else { // If $fs-font-size is a key that exists in // $fs-breakpoints, use the value @if map-has-key($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint) { $fs-breakpoint: map-get($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint); } @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { font-size: $fs-font-size; } } }}
现在,我们可以随意的添加Breakpoint
$p-font-sizes: ( null : 15px, small : 16px, medium: 17px, 900px : 18px, large : 19px, 1440px: 20px,);p { @include font-size($p-font-sizes);}
Improving Vertical Rhythm With Line Height
来,更进一步,我们可以font-size mixin中增加一个lineheight的配置,(line-height和font-size常常是同时出现的)
$breakpoints: ( small : 480px, medium: 700px, large : 1024px);$p-font-sizes: ( null : (15px, 1.3), small : 16px, medium: (17px, 1.4), 900px : 18px, large : (19px, 1.45), 1440px: 20px,);@mixin font-size($fs-map, $fs-breakpoints: $breakpoints) { @each $fs-breakpoint, $fs-font-size in $fs-map { @if $fs-breakpoint == null { @include make-font-size($fs-font-size); } @else { // If $fs-font-size is a key that exists in // $fs-breakpoints, use the value @if map-has-key($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint) { $fs-breakpoint: map-get($fs-breakpoints, $fs-breakpoint); } @media screen and (min-width: $fs-breakpoint) { @include make-font-size($fs-font-size); } } }}// Utility function for mixin font-size@mixin make-font-size($fs-font-size) { // If $fs-font-size is a list, include // both font-size and line-height @if type-of($fs-font-size) == "list" { font-size: nth($fs-font-size, 1); @if (length($fs-font-size) > 1) { line-height: nth($fs-font-size, 2); } } @else { font-size: $fs-font-size; }}
nth 是sass提供的语法,nth(list, n)从list中拿第n个数据.
Conclusion
上文所提供的代码还是有很多不健壮的地方,欢迎大家提意见,共同研究.
RESOURCES
一个响应式布局分析可以用到的工具Modular Scale
另外一篇很棒的博文
如果觉得文章不错,欢迎来我的github看看,右上角图标即为传送门。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

HTML is suitable for beginners because it is simple and easy to learn and can quickly see results. 1) The learning curve of HTML is smooth and easy to get started. 2) Just master the basic tags to start creating web pages. 3) High flexibility and can be used in combination with CSS and JavaScript. 4) Rich learning resources and modern tools support the learning process.

HTML defines the web structure, CSS is responsible for style and layout, and JavaScript gives dynamic interaction. The three perform their duties in web development and jointly build a colorful website.

AnexampleofastartingtaginHTMLis,whichbeginsaparagraph.StartingtagsareessentialinHTMLastheyinitiateelements,definetheirtypes,andarecrucialforstructuringwebpagesandconstructingtheDOM.

WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.

GiteePages static website deployment failed: 404 error troubleshooting and resolution when using Gitee...

The Y-axis position adaptive algorithm for web annotation function This article will explore how to implement annotation functions similar to Word documents, especially how to deal with the interval between annotations...

To achieve the effect of scattering and enlarging the surrounding images after clicking on the image, many web designs need to achieve an interactive effect: click on a certain image to make the surrounding...

HTML, CSS and JavaScript are the three pillars of web development. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and uses tags such as, etc. 2. CSS controls the web page style, using selectors and attributes such as color, font-size, etc. 3. JavaScript realizes dynamic effects and interaction, through event monitoring and DOM operations.
