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微信公众平台示例代码分析

Mar 29, 2017 pm 04:33 PM
php Micro-channel public platform

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了php微信公众平台示例代码,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

一、摘要

微信公众平台提供了一个简单的php示例代码,在做进一步开发之前,我们有必要将其详细了解一下。

二、获取代码


三、分析代码

完整代码如下:


<?php
/**
 * wechat php test
 */

//define your token
define("TOKEN", "weixin");
$wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest();
$wechatObj->valid();

class wechatCallbackapiTest
{
 public function valid()
 {
  $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"];

  //valid signature , option
  if($this->checkSignature()){
   echo $echoStr;
   exit;
  }
 }

 public function responseMsg()
 {
  //get post data, May be due to the different environments
  $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"];

  //extract post data
  if (!empty($postStr)){
    
    $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, &#39;SimpleXMLElement&#39;, LIBXML_NOCDATA);
    $fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName;
    $toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName;
    $keyword = trim($postObj->Content);
    $time = time();
    $textTpl = "<xml>
       <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName>
       <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName>
       <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime>
       <MsgType><![CDATA[%s]]></MsgType>
       <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content>
       <FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag>
       </xml>";    
    if(!empty( $keyword ))
    {
     $msgType = "text";
     $contentStr = "Welcome to wechat world!";
     $resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr);
     echo $resultStr;
    }else{
     echo "Input something...";
    }

  }else {
   echo "";
   exit;
  }
 }
  
 private function checkSignature()
 {
  $signature = $_GET["signature"];
  $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"];
  $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; 
    
  $token = TOKEN;
  $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce);
  sort($tmpArr);
  $tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr );
  $tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr );
  
  if( $tmpStr == $signature ){
   return true;
  }else{
   return false;
  }
 }
}

?>
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3.1 整体分析

原始示例代码大致分为四个部分:

定义TOKEN
声明一个类 wechatCallbackapiTest
创建类wechatCallbackapiTest 的一个实例对象 $wechatObj
调用类的 valid() 方法。

3.2 详细分析

3.2.1 定义TOKEN

define("TOKEN", "weixin");
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define 是用来给常量赋值的函数,这句话的意思是赋予“TOKEN”这个常量值为“weixin”。

TOKEN 是用来进行交互安全认证的,开发者可以随意定义,要和公众平台里设置的一样。

3.2.2 声明一个类

class wechatCallbackapiTest{
}
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声明一个类 wechatCallbackapiTest,该类中包含有三个方法(函数)。

a. public function valid()

用于申请 成为开发者 时向微信发送验证信息。

b. public function responseMsg()

处理并回复用户发送过来的消息,也是用的最多的一个函数,几乎所有的功能都在这里实现。

responseMsg 函数详解:

$postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"];
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接收微信公众平台发送过来的用户消息,该消息数据结构为XML,不是php默认的识别数据类型,因此这里用了$GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA']来接收,同时赋值给了$postStr

if (!empty($postStr))
判断$postStr是否为空,如果不为空(接收到了数据),就继续执行下面的语句;如果为空,则跳转到与之相对应的else语句。

$postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, &#39;SimpleXMLElement&#39;, LIBXML_NOCDATA);
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使用simplexml_load_string() 函数将接收到的XML消息数据载入对象$postObj中。这个严谨的写法后面还得加个判断是否载入成功的条件语句,不过不写也没事。

$fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName;
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将对象$postObj中的发送消息用户的OPENID赋值给$fromUsername变量

$toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName;
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将对象$postObj中的公众账号的ID赋值给$toUsername变量

$keyword = trim($postObj->Content);
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trim() 函数从字符串的两端删除空白字符和其他预定义字符,这里就可以得到用户输入的关键词

$time = time();
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time() 函数返回当前时间的 Unix 时间戳,即自从 Unix 纪元(格林威治时间 1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00:00)到当前时间的秒数。


$textTpl = "<xml>
       <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName>
       <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName>
       <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime>
       <MsgType><![CDATA[%s]]></MsgType>
       <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content>
       <FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag>
       </xml>";
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存放微信输出内容的模板

if(!empty( $keyword ))
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判断$keyword是否为空,不为空则继续执行下面的语句;如果为空,则跳转到与之相对应的else语句,即 echo "Input something...";

$msgType = "text";
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消息类型是文本类型

$contentStr = "Welcome to wechat world!";
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回复的消息内容

$resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr);
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使用sprintf() 函数将格式化的数据写入到变量中去;
$fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr 分别顺序替换模板里“%s”位置,也即是“$resultStr”这个变量最后实际为:


<xml>
<ToUserName><![CDATA[$toUsername]]></ToUserName>
<FromUserName><![CDATA[$fromUsername]]></FromUserName>
<CreateTime>$time</CreateTime>
<MsgType><![CDATA[$msgType]]></MsgType>
<Content><![CDATA[$contentStr]]></Content>
<FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag>  //位0x0001被标志时,星标刚收到的消息。
</xml>
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echo $resultStr; //把回复的消息输出

c. private function checkSignature()

开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验(下面有校验方式)。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器,请求原样返回echostr参数内容,则接入生效,否则接入失败。

signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数。

加密/校验流程:
1. 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
2. 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
3. 开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比,标识该请求来源于微信
3.2.3 创建实例对象

$wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest();
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3.2.4 调用类方法验证

$wechatObj->valid();
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调用类的valid()方法执行接口验证,接口设置成功后将其注释掉。

四、总结

以上是对微信官方示例代码的一个分析,有解释不对的地方,还请高手指出。另外,该代码只是官方给出的简单示例代码,如果要做复杂的开发,还是要求开发者按照严谨的开发模式改写该段代码,会在后续教程中娓娓道来。

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