更新PHP平台开发时,抓取页面的几种方式
我们在开发网络程序时,往往需要抓取非本地文件,一般情况下都是利用php模拟浏览器的访问,通过http请求访问url地址, 然后得到html源代码或者xml数据,得到数据我们不能直接输出,往往需要对内容进行提取,然后再进行格式化,以更加友好的方式显现出来。
下面简单说一下php抓取页面的几种方法及原理:
一、 PHP抓取页面的主要方法:
1. file()函数
2. file_get_contents()函数
3. fopen()->fread()->fclose()模式
4.curl方式
5. fsockopen()函数 socket模式
6. 使用插件(如:http://sourceforge.net/projects/snoopy/)
二、PHP解析html或xml代码主要方式:
1. file()函数
<?php//定义url$url='http://t.qq.com'; //fiel函数读取内容数组$lines_array=file($url); //拆分数组为字符串 $lines_string=implode('',$lines_array); //输出内容,嘿嘿,大家也可以保存在自己的服务器上echo $lines_string;
2. file_get_contents()函数
使用file_get_contents和fopen必须空间开启allow_url_fopen。方法:编辑php.ini,设置 allow_url_fopen = On,allow_url_fopen关闭时fopen和file_get_contents都不能打开远程文件。
<?php //定义url $url='http://t.qq.com'; //file_get_contents函数远程读取数据$lines_string=file_get_contents($url); //输出内容,嘿嘿,大家也可以保存在自己的服务器上 echo htmlspecialchars($lines_string);
3. fopen()->fread()->fclose()模式
<?php //定义url$url='http://t.qq.com'; //fopen以二进制方式打开 $handle=fopen($url,"rb");//变量初始化$lines_string="";//循环读取数据do{ $data=fread($handle,1024); if(strlen($data)==0) { break; } $lines_string.=$data; }while(true);//关闭fopen句柄,释放资源fclose($handle); //输出内容,嘿嘿,大家也可以保存在自己的服务器上echo $lines_string;
4. curl方式
使用curl必须空间开启curl。方法:windows下修改php.ini,将extension=php_curl.dll前面的分号去掉,而且需 要拷贝ssleay32.dll和libeay32.dll到C:\WINDOWS\system32下;Linux下要安装curl扩展。
<?php // 创建一个新cURL资源$url='http://t.qq.com'; $ch=curl_init(); $timeout=5; // 设置URL和相应的选项curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, $timeout);// 抓取URL$lines_string=curl_exec($ch); // 关闭cURL资源,并且释放系统资源curl_close($ch);//输出内容,嘿嘿,大家也可以保存在自己的服务器上echo $lines_string;
5. fsockopen()函数 socket模式
socket模式能否正确执行,也跟服务器的设置有关系,具体可以通过phpinfo查看服务器开启了哪些通信协议。
<?php$fp = fsockopen("t.qq.com", 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);if (!$fp) { echo "$errstr ($errno)<br />\n";} else { $out = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"; $out .= "Host: t.qq.com\r\n"; $out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n"; fwrite($fp, $out); while (!feof($fp)) { echo fgets($fp, 128); } fclose($fp);}
6. snoopy插件,最新版本是Snoopy-1.2.4.zip Last Update: 2013-05-30,推荐大家使用
使用网上非常流行的snoopy来进行采集,这是一个非常强大的采集插件,并且它的使用非常方便,你也可以在里面设置agent来模拟浏览器信息。
<?php//引入snoopy的类文件require('Snoopy.class.php');//初始化snoopy类$snoopy = new Snoopy;$url = "http://t.qq.com";//开始采集内容$snoopy->fetch($url); //保存采集内容到$lines_string$lines_string = $snoopy->results;//输出内容,嘿嘿,大家也可以保存在自己的服务器上 echo $lines_string;
说明:设置agent是在 Snoopy.class.php 文件的第45行,请在该文件中搜索 “var $agent” (引号中的内容)。浏览器内容你可以使用PHP来获得,
使用 echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; 可以得到浏览器信息,将echo出来的内容复制到agent里面就可以了。
浪风小园子 -- 比较认真的PHP平台开发
浪风先分享这么多,以后会继续分享我的小工具给大家。分享万岁,技术永存。
本页完整页面地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/rirber/archive/2013/06/15/php-server-get-curl-data.html
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