PHP的Foreach

Jun 23, 2016 pm 02:36 PM

先来看一下foreach的语法:
foreach ($array as $key=>$value)
{
……
}
为了便于理解,我们假定这里的$array是一个一维的相关数组,$key是数组的索引,$value是这个索引的值,它们的名字可以随意,之所以叫$key和$value是为了便于理解。为了能让你更好的理解foreach的工作过程,我们来创建一个数组:
$array = array('first'=>'ibm','second','hp');
现在我们模拟PHP服务用foreach对$array进行遍历:
foreach ($array as $key=>$value)
{
echo $key.'=>'$value;
}
第一次循环,$key = 'first',$value = 'ibm',这个时候,实际foreach对$array执行了一个我们看不见的操作:next($array),将数组指针向前(这里的“向前”跟PHP手册相同,不是我们通常所理解的“向前”)移一。然后echo语句输出"first=>ibm"。
第二次循环,首先会判断数组$array的当前指针是否已经到了数组的末尾,如果是,结束循环,否则进入第二次循环。当然这样的判断在进入第一次循环的时候也会有,如果$array是一个空数组,那么就会直接执行循环下面的语句。此时,$key = 'second','value' = 'hp',next($array)后,输出"second=>hp"。然后进行判断,数组指针已经到达末尾,执行下面的语句。
到这里你应该对foreach循环有所了解了吧?还有一点需要的是,foreach每次只是传递一个值,而不是真的对数组元素进行操作。具体到上面的例子,如果你想在每个数组元素的后面加上 'company' 这个字符串,那么$value .= 'company'这样的操作是不行的,它并不会改变数组元素的值,这个时候你应该这样用:$array[$key] .= 'company';

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