PHP IPC on Linux

Jun 23, 2016 pm 02:35 PM

这几天,由于工作原因,需要将一个php写的后台程序重串行执行改成并行执行。这样必然涉及到多线程/多进程相关技术。PHP貌似没有成熟的多线程机制,而有相对成熟的多进程机制。多进程编程,必然涉及到IPC(Inter-Process Communication)。PHP的IPC技术还是相当多的,可以在php源代码目录下(PHP_SRC/ext)看到sysvshm,sysvsem,sysvmsg,shmop等扩展,这些都可以用于IPC,下面简单介绍一下:

pcntl - 提供进程相关操作函数 sysvsem - 信号量,全称为system V semphore,可以用于限制访问共享资源的进程数目,一般设置为1,当作互斥锁使用 sysvshm - 共享内存,全称system V shared memory,用于提供共享内存机制,特点是省去了客户代码序列化和反序列化的麻烦,变量级别的访问控制,十分好用,属于菜鸟使用的方式。 shmop - 共享内存操作扩展,与sysvshm的区别在于是比特级别的控制,需要手动序列化和反序列化,但是如果紧缺使用,内存使用率比sysvshm高,属于高手进阶方式。 sysvmsg - 消息队列,一种特殊的共享内存,具体使用可以参见这里。

 

下面是使用sysvsem的列子,作为备忘,具体的内容参见代码,这里只提出几个关键需要注意的地方:

shm_attach和sem_get的方法的key需要与主进程ID关联,避免两个组件同时运行打搅,因为共享内存和信号量是系统级别的资源,进程之间会公用,如果不处理,会导致多个实例之间出现混乱。 父进程在等待子进程时,忙等会消耗大量CPU,采用sleep的方式,可以避免忙等。 父进程等待子进程最好有超时机制,避免无限制等待 子进程逻辑必须在规定的地方退出,不能执行父进程的代码,否则会混乱。常见的方式是用try catch包裹子进程的逻辑,抓到异常后,退出。

 

 

<?phpdefine('PROC_NUM', 12);define('SRC_NUM', 20);define('TIME_OUT', 60); // 父进程等待超时,单位:秒$arr = array();for ($i = 0; $i < SRC_NUM; ++$i) {    $arr[] = $i;}$sArr = serialize($arr); echo "parent id: " . posix_getpid() . "\n"; // create share memory$nShmID = shm_attach(ftok(__FILE__, 'i') . + posix_getpid(), strlen($sArr) * 2); // 采用主进程id作为key的部分,避免主进程之间干扰if ($nShmID == FALSE) {    die("Failed to create shm\n");} // write the array to the shared memory$nArrKey = 1;if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arr)) {    die('Failed to write array to shm');} // create semphore$nSemID = sem_get(posix_getpid(), 1); // 采用主进程id作为key,避免主进程之间干扰 // child process consume the data in the shmfor($i = 0; $i < PROC_NUM; ++$i) {    $nPID = pcntl_fork();         if ($nPID == 0) {        // child        $arrProcess = array();        while (true) {            sem_acquire($nSemID);                         // get the value            $arrCur = shm_get_var($nShmID, $nArrKey);                         if (0 == count($arrCur) || $arrCur == FALSE) {                // value out                sem_release($nSemID);                break;            }            $nVal = array_pop($arrCur);            if (FALSE == shm_put_var($nShmID, $nArrKey, $arrCur)) {                die('Failed to write array to shm');            }            sem_release($nSemID);                         // simulate process value            sleep(rand(1,3));            $arrProcess[] = $nVal;        }                 echo "Child process " . posix_getpid() . " consume: ";        echo implode(' ',$arrProcess) . "\n";        exit(0); // 子进程逻辑一定要在这里退出,不能执行父进程代码    }} // wait for childrenecho "wait children\n";$n = 0;$nStart = time();while ($n < PROC_NUM && (time() - $nStart < TIME_OUT)) { // 父进程等待有超时机制,避免无限等待    //echo "wait ... \n";    $nStatus = -1;    $nPID = pcntl_wait($nStatus, WNOHANG);    if ($nPID > 0) {        echo "{$nPID} exit\n";        ++$n;    }    sleep(1); // 避免忙等} // clear shm//shm_detach($nShmID);sem_remove($nSemID);shm_remove($nShmID);echo "finished\n";?>
Copy after login

 


相关资料
PHP IPC: http://blog.csdn.net/eroswang/article/details/2195260
PHP IPC system v 和shmop:  http://liangfen1224.blog.163.com/blog/static/72377647201111163317325/

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Mandragora: Whispers Of The Witch Tree - How To Unlock The Grappling Hook
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1666
14
PHP Tutorial
1273
29
C# Tutorial
1253
24
Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1? Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1? Apr 17, 2025 am 12:06 AM

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values ​​to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP: A Key Language for Web Development PHP: A Key Language for Web Development Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications Apr 14, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types? How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types? Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? Apr 14, 2025 am 12:12 AM

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison Apr 15, 2025 am 12:07 AM

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison Apr 13, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

See all articles