PHP 15:异常
看完了out_put_fns.php文件,让我们再看看db_fns.php文件。其代码非常简单,如下:
1 php
2
3 function db_connect()
4 {
5 $result = new mysqli( ' localhost ' , ' bm_user ' , ' password ' , ' bookmarks ' );
6 if ( ! $result )
7 throw new Exception ( ' Could not connect to database server ' );
8 else
9 return $result ;
10 }
11
12 ?>
PHP的异常机制和Java等语言差不多。但是还是有区别的。
PHP的异常同样是以try...throw...catch来捕获异常。
在某些语言,例如C#,Java,try里的代码有的时候会自动抛出异常,但是载PHP中,你必须手动捕获这个异常。和其他语言一样,PHP也会判断合适的异常抛出,那就是后面catch的作用了。
PHO也有异常的类。让我们先看一个例子,代码如下:
1 2 try
3 {
4 throw new Exception('An Exception occurs here!',43);
5 }
6 catch(Exception $e)
7 {
8 echo 'Exception '.$e->getCode().':'.$e->getMessage().'in'.$e->getFile().'on line'
9 .$e->getLine().'
';
10
11 }
12 ?>
Exception43 : An Exception occurs here ! inG : \Apache Group\Apache2 . 2 \htdocs\test . phpon line4
这里我们看到了Exception类的使用。如果你对C#和Java熟悉的话,相信不是很难看懂。PHP5提供了Exception类,其构造时需要2个参数,一个是异常消息,一个是异常代码。
除了构造函数之外,它还包括以下函数。
getCode()--返回传递给构造函数的代码。 getMessage()--返回给构造函数的消息。 getFile()--返回产生异常的代码的文件的完整路径。 getLine()--返回产生异常代码的行号。 getTrace()--返回一个产生异常的代码以及回退路径,这个和.net里的异常,当你编写一个ASP.NET页面时,如果发生异常,.net会将错误的信息,所在的文件,以及回退路径信息全部提供给你。
getTraceAsString()--与getTrace()一样,只不过它将格式化为字符串。 __toString()--允许简单的显示Exception对象,并且给出所有以上方法给出的信息。 可以调用 echo $e显示所有信息。例如上面的代码如此调用,结果是
exception ' Exception ' with message ' An Exception occurs here! ' in G : \Apache Group\Apache2 . 2 \htdocs\test . php : 4 Stack trace : # 0 {main}
和其他语言一样,PHP也可以自定义Exception类。幸运的是PHP提供了Exception的代码。让我们一睹为快。
1 php
2 class Exception
3 {
4 protected $message = ' Unknown exception ' ; // exception message
5 protected $code = 0 ; // user defined exception code
6 protected $file ; // source filename of exception
7 protected $line ; // source line of exception
8
9 function __construct( $message = null , $code = 0 );
10
11 final function getMessage(); // message of exception
12 final function getCode(); // code of exception
13 final function getFile(); // source filename
14 final function getLine(); // source line
15 final function getTrace(); // an array of the backtrace()
16 final function getTraceAsString(); // formated string of trace
17
18 /* Overrideable */
19 function __toString(); // formated string for display
20 }
21 ?>
1 php
2 try
3 {
4 throw new user_defined_exception( ' An Exception occurs here! ' , 43 );
5 }
6 catch (user_defined_exception $e )
7 {
8 echo $e ;
9 // echo 'Exception '.$e->getCode().':'.$e->getMessage().'in'.$e->getFile().'on line'
10 //.$e->getLine().'
';
11
12 }
13 class user_defined_exception extends Exception
14 {
15 public function __toString()
16 {
17 return '
18 Exception ' . $this -> getCode() . ' : ' . $this -> getMessage() . ' in ' . $this -> getFile() . ' on line ' 19 . $this -> getLine() . ' | ?
20 }
21 }
22 ?> 输出为:
Exception 43:An Exception occurs here!inG:\Apache Group\Apache2.2\htdocs\test.phpon line4 |
总结,本章讨论了PHP异常的特点,与其他语言的一些不同之处。最后还介绍了自定义的异常。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.
