php error_reporting 详解
error_reporting
设定错误讯息回报的等级。
语法: int error_reporting(int [level]);
传回值: 整数
函式种类: PHP 系统功能
内容说明
本函式用来设定错误讯息回报的等级,参数 level 是一个整数的位元遮罩 (bitmask),见下表。
value constant
1 E_ERROR
2 E_WARNING
4 E_PARSE
8 E_NOTICE
16 E_CORE_ERROR
32 E_CORE_WARNING
64 E_COMPILE_ERROR
128 E_COMPILE_WARNING
256 E_USER_ERROR
512 E_USER_WARNING
1024 E_USER_NOTICE
2047 E_ALL
2048 E_STRICT
E_NOTICE 表示一般情形不记录,只有程式有错误情形时才用到,例如企图存取一个不存在的变数,或是呼叫 stat() 函式检视不存在的档案。
E_WARNING 通常都会显示出来,但不会中断程式的执行。这对除错很有效。例如:用有问题的常规表示法呼叫 ereg()。
E_ERROR 通常会显示出来,亦会中断程式执行。意即用这个遮罩无法追查到记忆体配置或其它的错误。
E_PARSE 从语法中剖析错误。
E_CORE_ERROR 类似 E_ERROR,但不包括 PHP 核心造成的错误。
E_CORE_WARNING 类似 E_WARNING,但不包括 PHP 核心错误警告。
PHP 的错误报告
php.ini 文件中有许多配置设置。您应当已经设置好自己的 php.ini 文件并把它放在合适的目录中,就像在 Linux 上安装 PHP 和 Apache 2 的文档说明中所示的那样(请参阅 参考资料)。在调试 PHP 应用程序时,应当知道两个配置变量。下面是这两个变量及其默认值:
display_errors = Off
error_reporting = E_ALL
通过在 php.ini 文件中搜索它们,可以发现这两个变量当前的默认值。display_errors 变量的目的很明显 ?? 它告诉 PHP 是否显示错误。默认值是 Off。但是,要让开发过程更加轻松,请把这个值设为 On:
display_errors = On
error_reporting 变量的默认值是 E_ALL。这个设置会显示从不良编码实践到无害提示到出错的所有信息。E_ALL 对于开发过程来说有点太细,因为它在屏幕上为一些小事(例如变量未初始化)也显示提示,会搞糟浏览器的输出。我只想看到错误和不良编码实践,但是不想看到无害的提示。所以,请用以下值代替 error_reporting 的默认值:
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
重新启动 Apache,就全部设置好了。接下来,将学习如何在 Apache 上做同样的事。
服务器上的错误报告
依赖于 Apache 正在做的工作,在 PHP 中打开错误报告可能没法工作,因为在计算机上可能有多个 PHP 版本。有时很难区分 Apache 正在使用哪个 PHP 版本,因为 Apache 只能查看一个 php.ini 文件。不知道 Apache 正在使用哪个 php.ini 文件配置自己是一个安全问题。但是,有一种方法可以在 Apache 中配置 PHP 变量,从而保证设置了正确的出错级别。
而且,最好知道如何在服务器端设置这些配置变量,以否决或抢占 php.ini 文件,从而提供更高级别的安全性。
在配置 Apache 时,应该已经接触过
要做在 php.ini 文件中已经做过的事,请把下列各行添加到 httpd.conf,覆盖任何 php.ini 文件:
php_flag display_errors on
php_value error_reporting 2039
这会覆盖在 php.ini 文件中为 display_errors 已经设置的标志,以及 error_reporting 的值。值 2039 代表 E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE。如果愿意采用 E_ALL,请把值设为 2047。同样,还是要重启 Apache。
接下来,要在服务器上测试错误报告。

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