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Php面向对象学习笔记 ? 构造、析构、对象赋值、克隆

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:51 PM
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Php面向对象学习笔记 ? 构造、析构、对象赋值、克隆

 

class student

{

       public  $stu_id;       // 定义成员变量

       public  $stu_name;

      

       public  function sayName()   // 成员函数

       {

              echo $this->stu_name;   // $this  访问该对象的成员变量

       }

 

}

 

 

$stu = new  Student;      // 创建对象

$stu->stu_id = ‘0607001’;

$stu->stu_name = ‘小李’;

 

$stu->sayName();

 

 

 

 

注意:

 

 

 class  student

{

       public $stu_id;       // 定义成员变量

       public $stu_name;

      

       public function sayName()   // 成员函数

       {

              var_dump($stu_name);

              var_dump($GLOBALS[‘stu_name’]);   // 两种方法都无法访问成员变量

              //只要使用$this-> 才能访问成员变量

       }

 

}

 

 

$stu = new  Student;      // 创建对象

$stu->stu_id = ‘0607001’;

$stu->stu_name = ‘小李’;

 

$stu->sayName();

 

注:类中定义的属性,不相当于类中定义的全局变量,不能直接再方法中使用属性变量的形式访问。

 

 

 

1.   构造和析构:

php的opp机制,在new完成时,会试着调用一个叫做__construct()的方法。

如果我们将初始化的代码,写到这个方法内,就可以完成自动初始化。

 

例子:

 

class Student

{

        public $stu_id;

        public $stu_name;

       

        public function__construct($id,$name)      // 构造

        {

               $this->stu_id= $id;

               $this->stu_name= $name;

        }

}

 

$stu = new Student(‘100511101’,’songyang’);

 

注:如果构造方法没有参数,则 $stu = new Student 和 $stu = new Student() 都是对的。

 

 

构造方法的兼容性问题:

php5,构造方法的名字,就是__construct().在php5之前,构造方法的名字为与类同名。为了兼容,也同时支持与类同名的构造方法。

如果同时出现__construct() 和类名的构造方法:

 

例子:

 

class Student

{

       public $stu_id;

       public $stu_name;

 

 

       public function __construct()

       {

              echo“construct run …”;

       }

      

       public function Student()

       {

              echo‘’Student run …”;

       }

{

 

 

$stu = new Student;

 

输出:construct run …

 

结论:如果同时出现两种构造方法,调用__construct()

 

 

析构:

 

在对象被销毁时,也会自动执行一个方法。

 

析构方法名字为:__destruct();

 

 

class Student

{

       public $stu_id;

       public $stu_name;

      

       public function __construct()

       {

              echo“构造方法调用”;

       }

      

       //析构

       publicfunction __destruct()

       {

              //释放资源

              echo“析构方法调用”;

       }

}

 

该方法,用于释放,该对象所占用的额外资源,不是对象本身的内存空间!

 

什么情况下,对象会被销毁:

1.    脚本周期结束,对象自动被销毁。

2.    销毁保存该对象的变量。

$stu = new Student;

unset($stu);

 

输出:析构方法调用

 

3.    保存对象的变量,被赋值了其他数据。

$stu = new Student;

$stu = “new Value”;   // 赋值其他数据时,Student对象被销毁。

 

对象间的赋值

 

对象支持引用传递,不用&符号,因此不能通过=赋值的形式,得到一个新的对象。

 

例子

 

class Student

{

       public $stu_id;

       public $stu_name;

 

       public function __construct($id,$name)

       {

              $this->stu_id= $id;

              $this->stu_name= $name;

       }

}

 

$stu1 = new Student(“100”,”song”);

$stu2 = $stu1;

echo $stu1->stu_name;

echo $stu2->stu_name;

$stu1->stu_name = “songyang”;

echo $stu1->stu_name;

echo $stu2->stu_name;

 

 

输出:song song  songyang songyang

 

 

克隆

利用已有对象,得到相同的新对象。

需要使用关键字 clone

新对象 = clone 已有对象

 

例子:

 

class Student

{

       public $stu_id;

       public $stu_name;

 

       public function __construct($id,$name)

       {

              $this->stu_id= $id;

              $this->stu_name= $name;

       }

}

 

$stu1 = new Student(“100”,”song”);

$stu2 = clone $stu1;

echo $stu1->stu_name;

echo $stu2->stu_name;

$stu1->stu_name = “songyang”;

echo $stu1->stu_name;

echo $stu2->stu_name;

 

输出:song song  songyang song

 

 

常见的操作,再克隆对象时,需要对对象的某些特殊属性进行修改。意味着,需要做一些特殊的处理。

使用,在克隆时,自动调用的方法 __clone()来实现。

自动使用克隆出来的对象,来调用这个__clone()方法,意味着,该方法内部的$this,表示新对象。

 

例子:

 

class Student

{

       public $stu_id;

       public $stu_name;

 

       public function __construct($id,$name)

       {

              $this->stu_id= $id;

              $this->stu_name= $name;

       }

 

       public function __clone()

       {

              $this->stu_id= “0607002”;

       }

}

 

$stu1 = new Student(“1000”,”joker”);

$stu2 = clone $stu1;

echo $stu1->stu_id;

echo $stu2->stu_id;

 

输出:1000  0607002

 

 

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