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Php面向对象 抽象类

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:51 PM
php abstract class object-oriented

Php面向对象 -- 抽象类

抽象类abstract:

有一种类,只能被继承,不能实例化对象。原因就是这个类的定义不完整。

因为php支持定义一种,只有方法的声明部分,而没有方法的实现部分的不完整方法。

如果某个类,包含了这种不完整的方法,就不是不完整类,也就不能实例化对象。

 

不完整的类,称之抽象类

所包含的不完整的方法,称之抽象方法。

 

 

定义:

包含抽象方法的类,就是抽象类。

 

语法:

定义抽象方法,利用abstract的关键字,告知php那个方法为抽象方法

如果一个类包含一个抽象方法,也就是抽象类,因此也需要使用abstract关键字声明

 

例子:

 

abstract class  Goods

{

       public $goods_name;

       public  $shop_price;

 

       public  function  __construct($name,$price)

       {

              $this->goods_name= $name;

              $this->shop_price= $price;

       }

      

       //抽象方法

       abstract  public function  sayName();

}

 

 

class GoodsBook  extends Goods

{

       public  $pages;

       public  function  __construct($name,$price,$pages)

       {

              parent::__construct($name,$price);

              $this->pages= $pages;

       }

      

        

// 继承抽象类的子类要实现抽象类中的 抽象方法

       public  function sayName() 

       {

              echo$this->goods_name;

       }

}

 

抽象类没有实例化对象的能力,只有被继承的能力。

 

如果继承某个抽象类的类是非抽象类的话,就一定要将不完整的抽象方法实现,否则该类也应该是一个抽象类。

 

注:子类中实现抽象类的抽象方法时,方法名、参数要一致,访问权限要弱于抽象类的访问权限。

 

例子:

 

abstruct class Goods

{

       abstruct protected  function  sayName();

}

 

class GoodsBook  extends Goods

{

       public function  sayName()

       {

       }

}

 

 

抽象类功能总结:

在可以为子类提供公共操作的同时,限制子类所用有得方法的结构。

牺牲了实例化对象的功能。

 

 

 

 

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