Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP知识点与小结

PHP知识点与小结

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:39 PM

PHP: 超文本预处理器
PHP是一种服务器端的脚本语言;
PHP脚本在服务器上执行;
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PHP文件可包含文本,HTML标签以及脚本
PHP文件想浏览器返回纯粹的HTML
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PHP中的每个代码都必须以分号结束。分好是一种分隔符,用于把指令分隔开来;
PHP的输出文本的基础指令是echo和print。
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在PHP中,声明变量的方法是:在变量名前加"$",注意:在引用变量的时候,一定要记得加上“$”;

声明变量还需知道:
1. 不必向PHP声明该变量的数据类型;
2. 根据变量被设置的方式,PHP会自动的把变量转换为正确的数据类型;
3. 在PHP中,变量会在使用时被自动声明;

变量的命名规则:
1. 变量名必须以字母或者下划线“_”开头;
2. 变量名只能包含字母数字字符以及下划线;
3. 变量名不能包含空格。如果变量名由多个单词构成,应当使用下划线来连接;
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字符串变量用于存储并处理文本片段;

并置运算符:
在PHP中,只有一个字符串运算符;
并置运算符(.)用于把两个字符串值连接起来;
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echo strlen($str); //表示输出字符串str的长度;
注意: 如果字符串中包含“
”这里算4个字符喔!!!

echo strpos($str1, $str2); //在字符串str1中查找是否含有字符串str2;
注意: 字符串首位置的下标是0,不是1;
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PHP中条件判断语句是:
if .. else
或者: if .. elseif .. else ..

多重条件用elseif或者用switch结构:

用该结构需要注意的问题是:
1. 对表达式(通常是变量)进行一次计算;
2. 把表达式的值与结构中case的值进行比较;
3. 如果存在匹配,则执行与case关联的代码;
4. 代码执行后,一定要用break退出该结构,不然将一直执行后面的代码;
5. 如果没有case为真,则使用default语句;
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数组:
定义数组的方法是:
$数组名 = array(数组元素);

获取数组元素个数的方法: count($数组名)或者sizeof($数组名)

输出数组中全部元素的方法(代码表示):
例:

<?php $name = array("xiaoxiangxiang", "xiaohuihui", "lalala", "hahaha");for($i=0; $i<sizeof($name); $i++) { //或者 $i<count($name);echo $name[$i]."<br>";}?> //注意i前面一定记得加$;
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创建PHP函数:
1. 所有的函数都是用关键词function()开始;( 函数的声明方法为:function 函数名() )
2. 函数的名称应该提示他的功能,函数名称以字母或下划线开头;
3. 添加“{”开口的花括号之后的部分是函数的代码;
4. 插入函数代码;
5. 添加一个“}”函数通过关闭花括号来结束;
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PHP表单处理:
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Name : Age :
注意: 一定要记住!!!

表单验证:
应该在任何可能的时候对用户输入进行验证。客户端的验证速度更快,并且可以减轻服务器的负载;
如果表单访问的是数据库,就非常有必要采用服务器端的验证;
在服务器验证表单的一种好的方式是,把表单传给它自己,而不是跳转到不同的页面。这样用户就可以在同一张表单页面得到错误信息。用户也就更容易发现错误了。
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重点:
$_GET变量用于收集来自method="get"的表单中的值;

$_GET变量是一个数组,内容是由HTTP GET方法发送的变量名称和值。

$_GET变量收集来自method="get"的表单中的值。从带有GET方法的表单中发送的信息,对任何人都是可见的。(会显示在浏览器的地址栏),并且对发送的信息量也有限制(最多100个字符)。
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Name : Age :

在result.php脚本文件中:
Your information as follows:<br><?phpecho "Name: ".$_GET["name"]."<br>";echo "Age : ".$_GET["age"]."<br>";?>
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注释:在使用$_GET变量时,所有的变量名和值都会显示在URL中,所以在发送密码或其他敏感不应该使用这个方法。不过,正因为变量可以显示在URL中,因此可以在收藏夹中收藏该页面。
HTTP GET方法不适合大型的变量值;值是不能超过100个字符的;
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重点:
$_POST变量是一个数组,内容是由HTTP POST方法发送的变量名称和值。
$_POST变量用于收集来自method="POST"的表单中的值。从带有POST方法的表单发送的信息,对任何人都是不可见的(不会显示在浏览器的地址栏),并且对发送信息的量也没有限制。

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Enter your name: Enter your age:

在result.php脚本文件中通过对变量$_POST进行取值:
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br>You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old!
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为什么使用$_POST ??
1. 通过HTTP POST发送的变量不会显示在URL中。

2. 变量没有长度限制。

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重点:
PHP中的$_REQUEST变量包含了$_GET, $_POST以及$_COOKIE的内容。

PHP中的$_REQUEST变量可用来取得通过GET和POST方法发送的表单数据的结果。

Your information as follows:<br><?phpecho "Name: ".$_GET["name"]."<br>";echo "Age : ".$_GET["age"]."<br>";?>
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