PHP中的异常处理
1.什么是异常?异常和错误有什么区别?
1.异常:程序运行与预期不太一致,与错误是两个不同的概念!
2.抛出和捕获异常
3.多个catch块的时候基类要往后放,否则基类捕获异常后就不会往下继续捕获了!
3.先出现错误,在出现异常,所以写api的时候一定要把display_errors关掉
4.php的内置异常
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');//pdo内置异常类try { $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysql', 'brave', '123456'); var_dump($pdo); echo '<hr/>'; echo 'continue.......';} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}echo 'this is a test.......';echo '<hr/>';//spl文件读写内置异常类try { $splObj = new SplFileObject('test.txt', 'r'); echo 'read file';} catch (RuntimeException $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}echo 'continue.......';echo '<hr/>';
2.异常的基本语法结构
try { //需要进行异常处理的代码 throw语句抛出 } catch (PdoException $e) { try { throw语句抛出 } catch (Exception $e) { } } catch (FileException $e) { } catch (CustomException $e) { } //other code
3.如何自定义异常类?
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');class MyException extends Exception{ function __construct($message, $code=0) { parent::__construct($message, $code); } public function __toString(){ $message = "<h2 id="出现异常了-信息如下">出现异常了,信息如下</h2>"; $message .="<p>".__CLASS__." [{$this->code}]:{$this->message}</p>"; return $message; } public function test(){ echo 'this is a test'; } public function stop(){ exit('script end..............<hr/>'); } //自定义其他方法}try { echo '出现异常了!'; throw new MyException("测试自定义异常!", 11);} catch (MyException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); echo '<hr/>'; echo $e; echo '<hr/>'; $e->stop(); $e->test();}
4.自定义文件异常类
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');class FileException extends Exception { public function getDetails() { switch ($this->code) { case 0: return '没有提供文件!'; break; case 1: return '文件不存在!'." trace".$this->getTraceAsString().$this->getLine(); break; case 2: return '不是一个文件!'." trace".$this->getTraceAsString().$this->getLine(); break; case 3: return '文件不可写!'; break; case 4: return '非法文件的操作模式!'; break; case 5: return '数据写入失败!'; break; case 6: return '文件不能被关闭!'; break; default: return '非法!'; break; } }}class WriteData{ private $_message=''; private $_fp=null; public function __construct($filename=null, $mode='w'){ $this->_message="文件:{$filename} 模式:{$mode}"; if (empty($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 0); } if (!file_exists($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 1); } if (!is_file($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 2); } if (!is_writable($filename)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 3); } if (!in_array($mode, array('w', 'w+', 'a', 'a+'))) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 4); } $this->_fp=fopen($filename, $mode); } /** * [write 写数据] * @param [type] $data [description] * @return [type] [description] */ public function write($data){ if (@!fwrite($this->_fp, $data.PHP_EOL)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 5); } } /** * [close 关闭文件句柄] * @return [type] [description] */ public function close(){ if ($this->_fp) { if (@!fclose($this->_fp)) { throw new FileException($this->_message, 6); $this->_fp=null; } } } public function __destruct(){ $this->close(); }}try { $fp = new WriteData('test.txt', 'w'); $fp->write('this is a test'); $fp->close(); echo '数据写入成功!';} catch (FileException $e) { echo '出问题了:'.$e->getMessage().' 详细信息如下:'.$e->getDetails();}
5.使用观察者模式处理异常
- 定义观察(异常)的类, 可以在代码中动态的添加观察者
/** * 观察(异常)的类, 可以在代码中动态的添加观察者 */ class Observable_Exception extends Exception { public static $_observers=array(); public static function attach(Exception_Observer $observer){ self::$_observers[]=$observer; } public function __construct($message=null, $code=0){ parent::__construct($message, $code); $this->notify(); } public function notify(){ foreach (self::$_observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this); } } }
2.定义异常观察者基类,用于规范每一个观察者
/** * 观察者基类,用于规范每一个观察者 */ interface Exception_Observer{ //强制指定必须是我们规定的观察类 public function update(Observable_Exception $e); }
3.定义日志观察者
/** * 定义日志观察者 */ class Logging_Exception_Observer implements Exception_Observer{ public $_filename='./log_exception.log'; public function __construct($filename=null){ if ($filename!==null && is_string($filename)) { $this->_filename=$filename; } } public function update(Observable_Exception $e){ $message="时间:".date('Y-m-d H:i:s').PHP_EOL; $message.="信息:".$e->getMessage().PHP_EOL; $message.="追踪信息:".$e->getTraceAsString().PHP_EOL; $message.="文件:".$e->getFile().PHP_EOL; $message.='行号:'.$e->getLine().PHP_EOL; error_log($message, 3, $this->_filename); } }
4.定义邮件观察者
/** * 定义邮件观察者 */ class Email_Exception_Observer implements Exception_Observer{ public $_email='732578448@qq.com'; public function __construct($email=null){ if ($email!==null && filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { $this->_email=$email; } } public function update(Observable_Exception $e){ $message="时间:".date('Y-m-d H:i:s').PHP_EOL; $message.="信息:".$e->getMessage().PHP_EOL; $message.="追踪信息:".$e->getTraceAsString().PHP_EOL; $message.="文件:".$e->getFile().PHP_EOL; $message.='行号:'.$e->getLine().PHP_EOL; error_log($message, 1, $this->_email); } }
5.执行测试
error_reporting(-1);ini_set('display_errors','off');//引入观察异常的类require 'Observable_Exception.php';//引入观察者基类require 'Exception_Observer.php';//引入日志观察者require 'Logging_Exception_Observer.php';//引入邮件观察者require 'Email_Exception_Observer.php';Observable_Exception::attach(new Logging_Exception_Observer());//自定义地址记录错误异常Observable_Exception::attach(new Logging_Exception_Observer('/tmp/test11.log'));Observable_Exception::attach(new Email_Exception_Observer());//自定义邮件接收人记录错误异常Observable_Exception::attach(new Email_Exception_Observer('123456@qq.com'));class MyException extends Observable_Exception{ public function test(){ echo 'this is a test!'; } public function test1(){ echo '我是 自定义的方法处理这个异常!'; }}try { throw new MyException("出现异常了,记录一下下!");} catch (MyException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); echo '<hr/>'; $e->test(); echo '<hr/>'; $e->test1();}
6.自定义异常处理器(set_exception_handler)?
1.目的1处理所有未捕获的异常
2.目的2处理所有我们为放到try catch中的异常
3.自定义异常处理函数
ini_set('display_errors','off');function exceptionHandler_1($e){ echo '自定义异常处理器1'.__FUNCTION__; echo '异常信息:'.$e->getMessage();}function exceptionHandler_2($e){ echo '自定义异常处理器2'.__FUNCTION__; echo '异常信息:'.$e->getMessage();}set_exception_handler('exceptionHandler_1');set_exception_handler('exceptionHandler_2');//恢复到上一次定义过的异常处理函数restore_exception_handler();throw new Exception('测试');echo 'continue........';echo '<hr/>';
4.自定义异常处理类
/** * 自定义错误异常类 */class ExceptionHandler{ protected $_exception; protected $_logFile='./testExceptionHandler.log'; function __construct(Exception $e){ //保存异常对象 $this->_exception = $e; } public static function handle(Exception $e){ $self = new self($e); $self->log(); echo $self; } public function log(){ $msg=<<<EOF 出现了通知错误,如下 产生通知的文件:{$this->_exception->getFile()}<br> 产生通知的信息:{$this->_exception->getTraceAsString()} 产生通知的行号:{$this->_exception->getLine()} 产生通知的错误号:{$this->_exception->getCode()} 产生通知的时间:{$datetime} \n EOF; echo $msg; error_log($msg, 3, $this->_logFile); } public function __toString(){ $message = <<<EOF <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1 id="出现异常了">出现异常了。。。。。</h1> <p>刷新下试试</p> </body> </html> EOF; return $message; }}ini_set('display_errors','off');set_exception_handler(array('ExceptionHandler', 'handle'));//放在try catch中的throwtry { throw new Exception("this is a test!",20010);} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}//没放在try catch中的throwthrow new Exception("测试未捕获的自定义的异常处理器hello world!",2008);
7.如何像处理异常一样处理PHP的错误?
1.通过ErrorException
function exception_error_handler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){ throw new ErrorException($errstr, 0, $errno, $errfile, $errline);}set_error_handler('exception_error_handler');try { echo gettype();} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}
2.自定义异常类
class ErrorToException extends Exception{ public static function handle($errno, $errstr) { throw new self($errstr, $errno); }}ini_set('display_errors', 'off');set_error_handler(array('ErrorToException', 'handle'));set_error_handler(array('ErrorToException', 'handle'),E_USER_WARNING|E_WARNING);try { echo $test; gettype(); trigger_error('test',E_USER_WARNING);} catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage();}
8.在发生错误的时候将用户重定向到另一个页面
class ExceptionRedirectHandler{ protected $_exception; protected $_logFile='./redirectLog.log'; protected $_redirect='404.html'; public function __construct(Exception $e){ $this->_exception=$e; } public static function handle(Exception $e){ $self = new self($e); $self->log(); while (@ob_end_clean()); header('HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect'); header('Cache-Control:no-cache,must-revalidate'); header('Expires: Wed, 01 Jul 2015 07:40:45 GMT'); header('Location:'.$self->_redirect); exit(1); } public function log($value=''){ error_log($this->_exception->getMessage().PHP_EOL, 3, $this->_logFile); }}ini_set('display_errors','off');set_exception_handler(array('ExceptionRedirectHandler', 'handle'));$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'brave', '123456123');if (!$link) { throw new Exception("数据库受到攻击了,赶快去看看吧!");}
9.设置自定义错误和异常需要传递的参数
异常传递:$msg, $code
错误传递:$errno, $errmsg, $errfile, $errline 可看MyErrorHandler.php
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.
