PHP的C扩展开发入门指南
为什么要用C扩展
C是静态编译的,执行效率比PHP代码高很多。同样的运算代码,使用C来开发,性能会比PHP要提升数百倍。IO操作如CURL,因为耗时主要在IOWait上,C扩展没有明显优势。
另外C扩展是在进程启动时加载的,PHP代码只能操作Request生命周期的数据,C扩展可操作的范围更广。
源码下载
From PHP官网
http://php.net/downloads.php
From Git
git clone https://github.com/php/php-src.git
From git.php.net
git clone http://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
From Github
- 打开 php-src project page
- 选择感兴趣的分支
- 点击 Download ZIP即可
这里以zip为例:
wget http://museum.php.net/php5/php-5.3.16.tar.gztar zxvf php-5.3.16.tar.gzmv php-5.3.16 php-src
进入到PHP源码目录:
cd php-src
若使用 Git好处是方便切换不同版本
git clone http://git.php.net/repository/php-src.gitPHP 5.4: git checkout PHP-5.4 PHP 5.5: git checkout PHP-5.5 PHP 5.6: git checkout PHP-5.6 PHP 7.0: git checkout PHP-7.0 PHP HEAD: git checkout master
生成扩展
cd ext
第一步
生成PHP扩展骨架:
./ext_skel --extname=myext
ext_skel是PHP官方提供的用于生成php扩展骨架代码的工具
成功创建完基本文件之后会提示如下:
Creating directory myextCreating basic files: config.m4 config.w32 .svnignore myext.c php_myext.h CREDITS EXPERIMENTAL tests/001.phpt myext.php [done].To use your new extension, you will have to execute the following steps:1. $ cd ..2. $ vi ext/myext/config.m43. $ ./buildconf4. $ ./configure --[with|enable]-myext5. $ make6. $ ./php -f ext/myext/myext.php7. $ vi ext/myext/myext.c8. $ makeRepeat steps 3-6 until you are satisfied with ext/myext/config.m4 andstep 6 confirms that your module is compiled into PHP. Then, start writingcode and repeat the last two steps as often as necessary.
查看生成的文件:
tree myext|-- CREDITS|-- EXPERIMENTAL|-- config.m4|-- config.w32|-- myext.c|-- myext.php|-- php_myext.h`-- tests `-- 001.phpt1 directory, 8 files
config.m4是AutoConf工具的配置文件,用来修改各种编译选项。
第二步
修改 config.m4
cd ..vi ext/myext/config.m4
将
dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(myext, for myext support,dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned:dnl [ --with-myext Include myext support])
修改为
PHP_ARG_WITH(myext, for myext support,[ --with-myext Include myext support])
下边还有一个 –-enable-myext,是表示编译到php内核中。with是作为动态链接库载入的。
第三步
修改 php_myext.h,在45行找到 PHP_FUNCTION(confirm_myext_compiled), 这里就是扩展函数声明部分;
可以增加一行 PHP_FUNCTION(myext_helloworld);, 表示声明了一个myext_helloworld的扩展函数。
第四步
修改 myext.c, 这个是扩展函数的实现部分 在42行之后, 加入 PHP_FE(myext_helloworld, NULL)
const zend_function_entry myext_functions[] = { PHP_FE(confirm_myext_compiled, NULL) /* For testing, remove later. */ PHP_FE(myext_helloworld, NULL) PHP_FE_END /* Must be the last line in myext_functions[] */};
这的代码是将函数指针注册到Zend引擎,增加一行PHP_FE(myext_helloworld, NULL)(后面不要带分号)。
第五步
在 myext.c末尾加myext_helloworld的执行代码。
PHP_FUNCTION(myext_helloworld){ char *arg = NULL; int arg_len, len; char *strg; if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &arg, &arg_len) == FAILURE) { return; } php_printf("Hello World!\n"); RETURN_TRUE;}
zend_parse_parameters是用来接受PHP传入的参数,RETURN_XXX宏是用来返回给PHP数据。
第六步
在myext目录下依次执行:
phpize./configuremakemake install
如果执行 ./configure时出现此错误: configure: error: Cannot find php-config. Please use Cwith-php-config=PATH 说明php-config配置文件不在缺省目录里, 重新执行: ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config节课 这个文件通常是在PHP的安装目录的bi目录下的一个叫做 php-config或者 php-config5的文件
然后修改php.ini加入 extension = "myext.so"
第七步
通过执行 php -r "myext_helloworld('test');"验证扩展是否成功加载,如果成功则输出 hello world!
参考
- http://php.net/git.php
- http://rango.swoole.com/archives/152

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