Table of Contents
一. 基本语法
二. 类型
php支持的8种基本数据类型
三.字符串(string)

PHP之基础篇1

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:08 PM

一. 基本语法

  1. 开始结束标记: ""

     <?php echo "Hello World"?>
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    Note:文件末尾的 PHP 代码段结束标记"?>"可以不要,有些情况下当使用 include() 或者 require() 时省略掉会更好些。

  2. 同java,c一样,php每个语句后需用分号 " ; " 结束。

二. 类型

php支持的8种基本数据类型

四种标量类型:

  • boolean (布尔型)
  • integer (整型)
  • string (字符串)
  • float (浮点型)

两种复合类型:

  • array (数组型)
  • object (对象)

两种特殊类型:

  • resource (资源)
  • null (null)

Note:

  • var_dump() 查看表达式值和类型,is_type() 查看某个类型。
  • 整数溢出,如果给定一个整数或运算结果得出的整数超出int范围(2^32),将会解释会float。

三.字符串(string)

声明字符串: 字符串通常用单引号或双引号定义。

  1. 在单引号中的变量和特殊含义的字符不会被替换

     php > $age = 12; php > echo "他很高\n他的年龄才$age"; 他很高 他的年龄才12; php > echo '他很高\n他的年龄才$age'; 他很高\n他的年龄才$age;
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  2. 字符串可以用'.' (点) 操作符连接起来

     php > echo "Hello,"."World"; Hello,World
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  3. 存取和修改字符串中的字符(类似于数组)

     php > $str = "Hello,World"; php > echo $str[1]; e php > echo $str{0}; H
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  4. 其他类型转换为字符串(string)

    在一个值前面加上(string)或者使用strval()函数来转换成字符串型。

     php > $age = 18; php > var_dump($age); int(18) php > $str = (string)$age; php > var_dump($str); string(2) "18"
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常用字符串函数

  • 字符串替换

    str_replace ($search , $replace , $subject [, int &$count ])

    $search: 查找替换目标值

    $replace: $search的替换值

    subject: 执行替换的数组或者字符串

    count: 控制匹配和替换的次数

     php > $str = "Hello,My name is Tom,what is your name?"; php > echo str_replace("name","nickname",$str); Hello,My nickname is Tom,what is your nickname?
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  • 去掉字符串两边空格

    trim ($str)

    $str: 目标字符串

      php > $str = "  Hello     ";  php > echo trim($str);  Hello
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  • 去掉字符串中html和php标记

    strip_tags ($str)

    $str: 目标字符串

      php > $str = "<td><p>Hello World</p></td>";  php > echo strip_tags($str);  Hello World
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  • 将目标字符串重复多次

    str_repeat ($str,int $num)

    $str: 目标字符串

    $num: 重复次数

      php > $str = "Hello World!!";  php > echo str_repeat($str,5);  Hello World!!Hello World!!Hello World!!Hello World!!Hello World!!
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  • 返回字符串长度

    strlen ($str)

    $str: 目标字符串

      php > $str = "Hello World";  php > echo strlen($str);  11
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  • 计算字串出现的次数

    substr_count (string $haystack , string $needle )

    $haystack: 目标字符串

    $needle: 查找出现次数的字符串

      php > $str = "Hello World,Hello China";  php > echo substr_count($str,"Hello");  2
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  • 截取字符串

    substr ( string $string , int $start [, int $length ] )

    $string: 目标字符串

    $start: 如果 start 是非负数,返回的字符串将从 string 的 start 位置开始,从 0 开始计算。如果 start 是负数,返回的字符串将从 string 结尾处向前数第 start 个字符开始。如果string 的长度小于或等于 start,将返回 FALSE。

    $length: 1.如果提供了正数的 length,返回的字符串将从 start 处开始最多包括 length 个字符(取决于 string 的长度)。2.如果提供了负数的 length,那么 string 末尾处的许多字符将会被漏掉(若 start 是负数则从字符串尾部算起)。3.如果 start 不在这段文本中,那么将返回一个空字符串。4.如果提供了值为 0,FALSE 或 NULL 的 length,那么将返回一个空字符串。5.如果没有提供 length,返回的子字符串将从 start 位置开始直到字符串结尾。

      php > $str = "Hello,World";  php > echo substr($str,1);  ello,World  php > echo substr($str,1,3);  ell  php > echo substr($str,1,-3);  ello,Wo  php > echo substr($str,1,10);  ello,World
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