第4章 与浏览者交互,表单标签
4-1 使用表单标签,与用户交互
网站怎样与用户进行交互?答案是使用HTML表单(form)。表单是可以把浏览者输入的数据传送到服务器端,这样服务器端程序就可以处理表单传过来的数据。
语法:
<form method="传送方式" action="服务器文件">
讲解:1.
结束。2.action :浏览者输入的数据被传送到的地方,比如一个PHP页面(save.php)。3.method : 数据传送的方式(get/post)。<form method="post" action="save.php"> <label for="username">用户名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" /> <label for="pass">密码:</label> <input type="password" name="pass" /></form>
注意:所有表单控件(文本框、文本域、按钮、单选框、复选框等)都必须放在
标签之间(否则用户输入的信息提交不到服务器上!)。
1.png
4-2 文本输入框、密码输入框
当用户要在表单中键入字母、数字等内容时,就会用到文本输入框。文本框也可以转化为密码输入框。语法:
<form> <input type="text/password" name="名称" value="文本" /></form>
1、type:
当type="text"时,输入框为文本输入框; 当type="password"时,输入框为密码输入框。
2、name:为文本框命名,以备后台程序ASP 、PHP使用。
3、value:为文本输入框设置默认值。(一般起到提示作用)举例:
<form> 姓名: <input type="text" name="myName"> <br/> 密码: <input type="password" name="pass"></form>
在浏览器中显示的结果:
2.jpg
4-3 文本域,支持多行文本输入
当用户需要在表单中输入大段文字时,需要用到文本输入域。语法:
<textarea rows="行数"cols="列数">文本</textarea>
1、
举例:
<form method="post" action="save.php"> <label>联系我们</label> <textarea cols="50" rows="10" >在这里输入内容...</textarea></form>
在浏览器中显示结果:
3.jpg
注意这两个属性可用css样式的width和height来代替:col用width、row用height来代替。4-4 使用单选框、复选框,让用户选择
在使用表单设计调查表时,为了减少用户的操作,使用选择框是一个好主意,html中有两种选择框,即单选框和复选框,两者的区别是单选框中的选项用户只能选择一项,而复选框中用户可以任意选择多项,甚至全选。请看下面的例子:
语法:
<input type="radio/checkbox" value="值" name="名称" checked="checked"/>
1、type: 当 type="radio" 时,控件为单选框 当 type="checkbox" 时,控件为复选框2、value:提交数据到服务器的值(后台程序PHP使用)3、name:为控件命名,以备后台程序 ASP、PHP 使用4、checked:当设置 checked="checked" 时,该选项被默认选中如下面代码:
4.jpg
在浏览器中显示的结果:
5.jpg
注意:同一组的单选按钮,name 取值一定要一致,比如上面例子为同一个名称“radioLove”,这样同一组的单选按钮才可以起到单选的作用。
4-5 使用下拉列表框,节省空间
下拉列表在网页中也常会用到,它可以有效的节省网页空间。既可以单选、又可以多选。如下代码:
6.jpg
讲解:1、value:
7.jpg
2、selected="selected":设置selected="selected"属性,则该选项就被默认选中。在浏览器中显示的结果:
8.jpg
4-6 使用下拉列表框进行多选
下拉列表也可以进行多选操作,在
9.jpg
在浏览器中显示的结果:
10.jpg
4-7 使用提交按钮,提交数据
在表单中有两种按钮可以使用,分别为:提交按钮、重置。这一小节讲解提交按钮:当用户需要提交表单信息到服务器时,需要用到提交按钮。语法:
<input type="submit" value="提交">
type:只有当type值设置为submit时,按钮才有提交作用
value:按钮上显示的文字
举例:
11.jpg
在浏览器中显示的结果:
12.jpg
4-8 使用重置按钮,重置表单信息
当用户需要重置表单信息到初始时的状态时,比如用户输入“用户名”后,发现书写有误,可以使用重置按钮使输入框恢复到初始状态。只需要把type设置为"reset"就可以。语法:
type:只有当type值设置为reset时,按钮才有重置作用
value:按钮上显示的文字
举例:
13.jpg
在浏览器中显示的结果:
14.jpg
输入账号
15.jpg
单击重置按钮4-9 form表单中的label标签
小伙伴们,你们在前面学习表单各种控件的时候,有没有发现一个标签--label,这一小节就来揭晓它的作用。
label标签不会向用户呈现任何特殊效果,它的作用是为鼠标用户改进了可用性。如果你在 label 标签内点击文本,就会触发此控件。就是说,当用户单击选中该label标签时,浏览器就会自动将焦点转到和标签相关的表单控件上(就自动选中和该label标签相关连的表单控件上)。
语法:
<label for="控件id名称">
注意:标签的 for 属性中的值应当与相关控件的 id 属性值一定要相同。例子:
<form> <label for="male">男</label> <input type="radio" name="gender" id="male" /> <br /> <label for="female">女</label> <input type="radio" name="gender" id="female" /> <label for="email">输入你的邮箱地址</label> <input type="email" id="email" placeholder="Enter email"></form>

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