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PHP接口入门分析实例

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:05 PM

1.快速入门案例:

案例1:

<?php//定义规范/方法 interface Iusb { public function start(); public function stop(); } //编写手机类,让它去实现接口 //当一个类实现了某个接口,则要求该类必须实现这个接口的所有方法  class Camera implements Iusb  {  public function start()  { echo "相机开始工作";  }  public function stop()  { echo "相机停止工作";  }  }   class Phone implements Iusb  {  public function start()  { echo "手机开始工作";  }  public function stop()  { echo "手机停止工作";  }  }  //如何使用  $camera1=
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new Camera();  $camera1->start();  $phone1=new Phone();  $phone1->start();?>
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效果:

相机开始工作手机开始工作

来自

2.接口使用的基本语法:

interface接口名

{

//属性

//方法

}

->接口中的方法没有方法体

->如何实现接口

Class 类名implements 接口名

{

}

**可以实现多个接口

Class 类名implements 接口名1,接口名2……

{

}

->接口的作用:声明一些方法,供其它类来实现,接口还体现编程中我们希望的效果:高内聚低耦合 的特点 ,见图1

深入讨论-接口interface

什么时候用接口?

1.定规范

2.定下规范,让别的程序人来实现

3.当多个类,它们之间平级的关系,这些类都要去实习某个功能,只是实现方式不一样

细节-interface

1.接口不能实例化;

2.接口中所有方法都不能有方法体;

3.一个类可以实现多个接口,但以","隔开;

4.接口中可以有属性(区别于方法),但必须为常量,并且是public

案例2:

<?php interface IsUSB { const  A=555;//常量前面不需要$ } class Test implements  IsUSB{    public function aa()  { echo  "<br>继承的常量为:".IsUSB::A;//常量引用方法:接口名::常量名称  }}$test1=new Test();$test1->aa();  echo "<br>没有继承的常量为:".IsUSB::A;//常量引用方法:接口名::常量名称?>
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5.接口的方法都是public的,即没有protected,以及private,如果不写,默认为public;

6.接口不能继承其它类,但可以继承其它接口;并且一个接口可以继承多个接口,而一个类不能继承多个类;一个类可以同时继承某个类同时实现接口;

例如:inerface 接口名 extends 接口名1,接口名2…… 如图2


案例3:

<?php interface IsUSB01 { public function a(); } interface IsUSB02 { public function b(); }  interface IsUSB03 extends  IsUSB01,IsUSB02{   }Class  Class1{  public function TST()  { echo "继承类名为Class1<br>";  }} class Test extends Class1 implements IsUSB03 {  public function __construct()  { echo "接口IsUSB03继承了接口IsUSB01以及接口IsUSB02<br>";
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  }  public function a()  { echo "实现接口IsUSB01的a()<br>";  }   public function b()   {   echo "实现接口IsUSB02的b()<br>";   } }$test1=new Test();$test1->a();$test1->b();$test1->TST(); ?>
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结果:

接口IsUSB03继承了接口IsUSB01以及接口IsUSB02

实现接口IsUSB01的a()

实现接口IsUSB02的b()

继承类名为Class1

 

来自

 

其中,接口IsUSB03继承了IsUSB01以及IsUSB02,因为是接口继承接口,不需要实现方法,而,Test类引用了IsUSB03接口,则需要实现方法。

 

3.继承与接口区别

实现接口可以看作,对单一继承类的一种补充,同时,继承是层次式的,不太灵活,多层次继承如果修改某个类,就会打破继承的平衡,而接口没有那么麻烦,较为灵活

 

 


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