Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 策略模式和php实现

策略模式和php实现

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:04 PM

策略模式:
  策略模式(Strategy Pattern):定义一系列算法,将每一个算法封装起来,并让它们可以相互替换。策略模式让算法独立于使用它的客户而变化,也称为政策模式(Policy)。
  策略模式是一种对象行为型模式。

模式动机:
  完成一项任务,往往可以有多种不同的方式,每一种方式称为一个策略,我们可以根据环境或者条件的不同选择不同的策略来完成该项任务。
  在软件开发中也常常遇到类似的情况,实现某一个功能有多个途径,此时可以使用一种设计模式来使得系统可以灵活地选择解决途径,也能够方便地增加新的解决途径。
  在软件系统中,有许多算法可以实现某一功能,如查找、排序等,一种常用的方法是硬编码(Hard Coding)在一个类中,如需要提供多种查找算法,可以将这些算法写到一个类中,在该类中提供多个方法,每一个方法对应一个具体的查找算法;当然也可以将这些查找算法封装在一个统一的方法中,通过if…else…等条件判断语句来进行选择。这两种实现方法我们都可以称之为硬编码,如果需要增加一种新的查找算法,需要修改封装算法类的源代码;更换查找算法,也需要修改客户端调用代码。在这个算法类中封装了大量查找算法,该类代码将较复杂,维护较为困难。

角色分析:
  抽象策略角色:策略类,通常由一个接口或者抽象类实现。
  具体策略角色:包装了相关的算法和行为。
  环境角色:持有一个策略类的引用,最终给客户端调用。

UML类图:

  

 

代码实现:

  

<?phpheader("Content-type:text/html;Charset=utf-8");//抽象策略接口abstract class Strategy{    abstract function wayToSchool();}//具体策略角色class BikeStrategy extends Strategy{    function wayToSchool(){         echo "骑自行车去上学";    }}class BusStrategy extends Strategy{    function wayToSchool(){         echo "乘公共汽车去上学";    }}class TaxiStrategy extends Strategy{    function wayToSchool(){         echo "骑出租车去上学";    }}//环境角色class Context{    private $strategy;    //获取具体策略    function getStrategy($strategyName){        try{            $strategyReflection = new ReflectionClass($strategyName);            $this->strategy = $strategyReflection->newInstance();        }catch(ReflectionException $e){             $this->strategy = "";         }           }    function goToSchool(){        $this->strategy->wayToSchool();        // var_dump($this->strategy);    }}//测试$context = new Context();$context->getStrategy("BusStrategy");$context->goToSchool(); ?>
Copy after login

 

优点:
  1、 策略模式提供了管理相关的算法族的办法。策略类的等级结构定义了一个算法或行为族。恰当使用继承可以把公共的代码转移到父类里面,从而避免重复的代码。
  2、 策略模式提供了可以替换继承关系的办法,继承可以处理多种算法或行为。如果不是用策略模式,那么使用算法或行为的环境类就可能会有一些子类,每一个子类提供一个不同的算法或行为。但是,这样一来算法或行为的使用者就和算法或行为本身混在一起。决定使用哪一种算法或采取哪一种行为的逻辑就和算法或行为的逻辑混合在一起,从而不可能再独立演化。继承使得动态改变算法或行为变得不可能。
  3、 使用策略模式可以避免使用多重条件转移语句。
多重转移语句不易维护,它把采取哪一种算法或采取哪一种行为的逻辑与算法或行为的逻辑混合在一起,统统列在一个多重转移语句里面,比使用继承的办法还要原始和落后。

缺点:
  1、客户端必须知道所有的策略类,并自行决定使用哪一个策略类。
这就意味着客户端必须理解这些算法的区别,以便适时选择恰当的算法类。换言之,策略模式只适用于客户端知道所有的算法或行为的情况。
  2、 策略模式造成很多的策略类,每个具体策略类都会产生一个新类。
有时候可以通过把依赖于环境的状态保存到客户端里面,而将策略类设计成可共享的,这样策略类实例可以被不同客户端使用。换言之,可以使用享元模式来减少对象的数量。

 

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Mandragora: Whispers Of The Witch Tree - How To Unlock The Grappling Hook
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1666
14
PHP Tutorial
1273
29
C# Tutorial
1255
24
Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1? Explain secure password hashing in PHP (e.g., password_hash, password_verify). Why not use MD5 or SHA1? Apr 17, 2025 am 12:06 AM

In PHP, password_hash and password_verify functions should be used to implement secure password hashing, and MD5 or SHA1 should not be used. 1) password_hash generates a hash containing salt values ​​to enhance security. 2) Password_verify verify password and ensure security by comparing hash values. 3) MD5 and SHA1 are vulnerable and lack salt values, and are not suitable for modern password security.

PHP: A Key Language for Web Development PHP: A Key Language for Web Development Apr 13, 2025 am 12:08 AM

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages PHP and Python: Comparing Two Popular Programming Languages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications PHP in Action: Real-World Examples and Applications Apr 14, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types? How does PHP type hinting work, including scalar types, return types, union types, and nullable types? Apr 17, 2025 am 12:25 AM

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values ​​and handle functions that may return null values.

The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? The Enduring Relevance of PHP: Is It Still Alive? Apr 14, 2025 am 12:12 AM

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.

PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison PHP vs. Other Languages: A Comparison Apr 13, 2025 am 12:19 AM

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained Apr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

See all articles