DB Facade 中的 select 方法分解
前言
Laravel 框架中的查询构造器相当的强大,可能是我的基础太差。当我看到 DB Facade 中的 select 方法时一时不能理解,于是就有了这篇文章。
select()方法的2种使用
1. 链式调用:
$users = DB::table('users')->select('uname, realname')->get();
通过 Laravel Debugbar 上面这句代码执行的SQL是:
select `uname`, `realname` from `users`
2. 静态调用:
$sql = "select uname, realname from users";$users = DB::select($sql);
这种方式,执行的SQL语句跟链式调用执行语句是一样的。
分解
据其文档描述table()会针对指定的数据表返回一个查询构造器实例,追踪到 DB Facade 类中
--文件位置 framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/DB.php namespace Illuminate\Support\Facades;/*** @see \Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager* @see \Illuminate\Database\Connection*/class DB extends Facade{ /** * Get the registered name of the component. * * @return string */ protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'db'; }}
这个文件中根本没有table()这个静态方法,但是这个类继承了 Facade 这个类
Laravel 中的 Facades
Laravel Facade 是一种为容器内部服务提供类型静态接口的类。据其文档描述,Facades 是可触及容器服务底层实现方式的代理。使用 facade 类的好处是让开发者使用服务是更加便捷。
Facade 类中包含一个名为 $app的私有属性,其值为服务容器的引用。
__callStatic魔术方法用于处理实际并不存在的静态方法的调用。因为 Facade 类并未实现该方法。因此,__callStatic 会从容器获取各自的服务,进而调用。
__callStatic 方法具体实现:
--!文件位置 framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php /**+ Handle dynamic, static calls to the object.*+ @param string $method+ @param array $args+ @return mixed*/public static function __callStatic($method, $args){ $instance = static::getFacadeRoot(); if (! $instance) { throw new RuntimeException('A facade root has not been set.'); } switch (count($args)) { case 0: return $instance->$method(); case 1: return $instance->$method($args[0]); case 2: return $instance->$method($args[0], $args[1]); case 3: return $instance->$method($args[0], $args[1], $args[2]); case 4: return $instance->$method($args[0], $args[1], $args[2], $args[3]); default: return call_user_func_array([$instance, $method], $args); }}
通过 $instance = static::getFacadeRoot()来得到调用该方法的所属实例
public static function getFacadeRoot(){ return static::resolveFacadeInstance(static::getFacadeAccessor());}
在 DB Facade中 已实现 getFacadeAccessor()该方法 return 'db'。
protected static function resolveFacadeInstance($name){ if (is_object($name)) { return $name; } if (isset(static::$resolvedInstance[$name])) { return static::$resolvedInstance[$name]; } return static::$resolvedInstance[$name] = static::$app[$name];}
通过 __callStatic() 及 static::后期静态绑定。实现了这个伪静态的调用。这也就明白了为什么可以通过静态方法调用DB::select()。
我们再回到第一种调用方式:
--文件位置 #Illuminate\Database\Querypublic function select($colums = ['*']){ $this->columns = is_array($columns) ? $columns : func_get_args(); return $this;}
通过源码可以看出 select 是个可变参数函数,默认接收一个数组。
总结
通过对 select 的分解,我们也可知道其他 Facades 中方法的运作原理。

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