Home php教程 php手册 使用原会话

使用原会话

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:14 AM
count php quot session

一个被大家长期所期待的PHP 4.0特性是会话支持。相比之下,PHP 3.0用户则不得不使用第三方库或根本不能实现此项功能。而缺乏会话支持则正是PHP最受人批评的地方。不过,从早期测试版的发布开始,会话支持就成为PHP 4.0的一部分,因此这个问题也得到了消除。



你可以通过会话以在用户访问网络站点期间维持用户特定变量,而无须设置多个cookie、使用隐蔽表单域,或在你可能经常要连结的一个数据库内存储信息等。

在一个页面上启动会话即告之PHP引擎要么是要开始一个会话(如果之前没有启动)或是继续当前会话:

session_start();

启动一个会话将通过cookie向用户发送一个认证字符串(如940f8b05a40d5119c030c9c7745aead9);而在服务器端则会创建一个同名的相映临时文件,如sess_940f8b05a40d5119c030c9c7745aead9。此文件包含了注册会话变量及其值。

显示会话动作最常见的例子是访问计数器:

启动你的PHP模块,并完全确保PHP代码是文件的第一行:无空白、无HTML输出等任何代码。原因是会话函数发出一个文件头时,如在调用session_start()函数之前发送了空白或者HTML输出,系统将会出错。



//如果会话对用户并不存在,启动一新会话

session_start();

接下来,注册count变量。

session_register('count');

注册变量即告之PHP:只要在会话存在时,一个名叫count的变量也就存在。目前此变量还没有赋值。不过,如果你对其加1,则值即可被赋为1:

$count++;
把以上各点一并考虑,你已经完成以下工作:启动了一个会话(如果先前没有)、为某个用户分配了会话标识(如果不存在会话标识)、注册了名为count的变量并把$count加1以表示此次为用户首次访问页面:



要显示用户在当前会话中已经访问页面次数,只需要输出$count的值:

echo "

You've been here $count times.

";

整个访问计数器代码如下:



session_start();

session_register('count');

$count++;

echo "

You've been here $count times.

";

?>

如果重新装载以上脚本,可以发现计数值增加。这的确令人激动。

同时可以在会话中注册数组。假设你已经有一个名为$faves的数组:

$faves = array ('chocolate','coffee','beer','linux');

可以象其他单个变量一样注册该数组:

session_register('faves');

应用数组同应用其他单独变量相同,如$faves。如果用户希望在Web站点的一个页面上现场展示其爱好,则可以在名为$faves会话变量中注册用户爱好,并在另一页面输出这些值:



session_start();

echo "My user likes:

    ";

    while (list(,$v) = each ($faves)) {

    echo "
  • $v"; }

    echo "
";

?>

这样即可得到一个显示用户爱好的美观简洁的列表。

会话变量值不能被查询字符串所覆盖,也就是说,不能通过键入http:///www.yourdomain.com/yourscript.php?count=56 来为注册会话变量$count赋予新值。这一点对安全而言是至关重要:你只能在服务器端通过脚本修改或者删除(未注册的)会话变量。

如果希望完全删除某个会话变量,应从系统中取消注册该变量:

session_unregister('count');

要完全删除某会话,如按下Logout按钮,则下列脚本比较简洁:

session_destroy();

使用会话来存储变量值减轻了数据库连接负载,并避免了噩梦般复杂代码的编写,以及用大量隐私声明以解释为何在访问过程中向用户发送多达50份cookie。而现在仅仅需要一个cookie、一个变量就可以了——如同一颗水珠折射出整个世界——没有比这更简单的了!



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