PHP如何读取COOKIES
cookie|cookies
察看浏览器的 Cookies
让我们来看看保存在浏览器中的内容。如果你用的是 IE5 ,在 windows 目录下有一个 cookies 的目录,里面有很多文本文件,文件名都是类似于 wudong@15seconds[1].txt 这样的,这就是浏览器用来保存值的 cookies 了。在以前的 IE 版本中, cookies 的内容是可以察看的,但现在内容已经被编码了。在浏览器得到一个 Web 页面之前,它会先看这个页面的域名,是否在 cookie 中存在,如果有相比配的,浏览器会先把匹配的 cookie 传送到服务器,然后才接受处理服务器传送过来的页面。
先举个 cookies 应用的例子:当我连接到 Amazon.com 时,浏览器在接受第一个页面之前会把它以前设置的 cookies 的内容传送给 Amazon 。然后 Amazon.com 对传送过来的内容加以检查,看看在数据库中有没有相关资料,在匹配之后,在为我建立一个定制的页面传送到过来。
======================
为 cookies 赋值
必须在服务器传送任何内容给客户浏览器之前为 Cookies 赋值。要做到这一点, cookies 的设置就必须放在 标签内:
setcookie("CookieID", $USERID);
?>
setcookie 函数一共有六个参数,用逗号来分隔:
cookie 的名称,是一个字符串,例如: "CookieID" 。其间不允许有冒号,逗号和空格。这个参数是必须的,而其它的所有参数都是可选的。如果只有这一个参数被给出,那么这个 cookie 将被删除。
cookie 的值,通常是一个字符串变量,例如: $USERID 。也可以为它赋一个 ?? 来略过值的设置。
cookie 失效的时间。如果被省略(或者被赋值为零), cookie 将在这个对话期( session )结束后失效。这个参数可以是一个绝对的时间,用 DD-Mon-YY HH:MM:SS 来表示,比如: "24-Nov-99 08:26:00" 。而更常用的是设置一个相对时间。这是通过 time() 函数或者 mktime 函数来实现的。比如 time()+3600 将使得 cookie 在一个小时后失效。
一个路径,用来匹配 cookie 的。当在一个服务器上有多个同名的 cookie 的设置,为避免混淆,就要用到这个参数了。使用 "/" 路径的和省略这个参数的效果是一样的。要注意的是 Netscape 的 cookie 定义是把域名放在路径的前面的,而 PHP 则与之相反。
服务器的域名,也是用来匹配 cookie 的。要注意的是:在服务器的域名前必须放上一个点( . )。例如: ".friendshipcenter.com" 。因为除非有两个以上的点存在,否者这个参数是不能被接受的。
cookie 的安全级,是一个整数。 1 表示这个 cookie 只能通过“安全”的网络来传送。 0 或者省略则表示任何类型的网络都可以。
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Cookies 和变量
当 PHP 脚本从客户浏览器提取了一个 cookie 后,它将自动的把它转换成一个变量。例如:一个名为 CookieID 的 cookie 将变成变量 $CookieID.
Cookies 的内容被报存在 HTTP_COOKIE_VARS 数组中,你还可以通过这个数组和 cookie 的名称来存取指定的 cookie 值:
print $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS[CookieID];
==============
记住每一个用户
回过头在来看看上面的 submitform.php3 文件,它的作用是把客户的姓名添加到数据库中,现在我想为它添加一些东西。我想为每个用户都分配一个唯一的用户标志,然后把这个标志放在 Cookies 中,这样每当用户访问我的网站的时候,通过 cookie 和其中的用户标志,我就能够知道他是谁了。
MySQL 能够被设置成为每一个新的纪录自动的分配一个数字,这个数字从 1 开始,以后每次自动加 1 。用一行 SQL 语句,你就可以轻松的为数据表添加这样的一个字段,我把它叫做 USERID:
ALTER TABLE dbname
ADD COLUMN
USERID INT(11) NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT;
对这个字段我们作了一些特别的设置。首先,通过“ INT(11) ”定义它的类型为 11 位的整数;然后用“ NOT NULL ”关键字让这个字段的值不能为 NULL ;再用“ PRIMARY KEY ”把它设置为索引字段,这样搜索起来就会更快;最后,“ AUTO_INCREMENT ”定义它为自动增一的字段。
当把用户的姓名插入到数据库后,就应该在他们的浏览器上设置 cookie 了。这时利用的就是刚才我们谈到的 USERID 字段的值 :
mysql_connect (localhost, username, password);
mysql_select_db (dbname);
mysql_query ("INSERT INTO tablename (first_name, last_name) VALUES ("$first_name", "$last_name")");
setcookie("CookieID",
mysql_insert_id(),
time()+94608000,
"/"); /* 三年后 cookie 才会失效 */
?>
PHP 函数 mysql_insert_id() 返回在最后一次执行了 INSERT 查询后,由 AUTO_INCREMENT 定义的字段的值。这样,只要你不清除掉浏览器的 Cookies ,网站就会永远“记住”你了
==================
读取 cookie
我们来写一个像 Amazon.com 所作的那样的脚本。首先, PHP 脚本会先检查客户浏览器是否发送了 cookie 过来,如果是那样的话,用户的姓名就会被显示出来。如果没找到 cookie 的话,就显示一个表单,让客户登记他们的姓名,然后把他添加到数据库中,并在客户浏览其中设置好 cookie 。
首先,先来显示 cookie 的内容:
print $CookieID;
?>
然后,就可以把名字显示出来了:
mysql_connect (localhost, username, password);
mysql_select_db (dbname);
$selectresult = mysql_query ("SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE USERID = "$CookieID"");
$row = mysql_fetch_array($selectresult);
echo " 欢迎你的光临 ", $row[first_name], "!";
?>
就是这样的了。我在其中没有作判断,交给你自己来完成好了。

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