开发大型PHP项目的方法(三)
重载(与覆盖不同)在PHP中不支持。在OOP中,你可以重载一个方法来实现两个或重多的方法具有相同
的名字,但是有不同数量或类型的参数(这要看语言)。PHP 是一种松散类型的语言,所以通过类型重载不
起作用,然而通过参数的个数不同来重载也不起作用。
有时在OOP中重载构造函数非常好,这样你可以通过不同的方法创建对象(传递不同数量的参数)。在PHP
中实现它的技巧是:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
php
class Myclass {
function Myclass() {
$name="Myclass".func_num_args();
$this->$name();
//注意$this->name()一般是错误的,但是在这里$name是一个将被调用方法的名字
}
function Myclass1($x) {
code;
}
function Myclass2($x,$y) {
code;
}
}
?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
通过在类中的额外的处理,使用这个类对用户是透明的:
$obj1=new Myclass('1'); //将调用Myclass1
$obj2=new Myclass('1','2'); //将调用Myclass2
有时这个非常好用。
多态
多态是对象的一种能力,它可以在运行时刻根据传递的对象参数,决定调用哪一个对象的方法。例如,
如果你有一个figure的类,它定义了一个draw的方法。并且派生了circle和rectangle 类,在派生类中你覆
盖了draw方法,你可能还有一个函数,它希望使用一个参数x,并且可以调用$x->draw() 。如果你有多态性,
调用哪个draw方法就依赖于你传递给这个函数的对象类型。
多态性在象PHP这样的解释语言(想象一下一个C++编译器生成这样的代码,你应该调用哪一个方法?你
也不知道你拥有的对象是什么类型的,好,这不是重点)是非常容易和自然的。所以PHP当然支持多态性。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
php
function niceDrawing($x) {
//假设这是Board类的一个方法
$x->draw();
}
$obj=new Circle(3,187);
$obj2=new Rectangle(4,5);
$board->niceDrawing($obj);
//将调用Circle的draw方法
$board->niceDrawing($obj2);
//将调用Rectangle的draw方法
?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
用PHP进行面向对象编程
一些"纯化论者(purists)"可能会说PHP不是一个真正的面向对象的语言,这是事实。PHP 是一个混合型
语言,你可以使用OOP,也可以使用传统的过程化编程。然而,对于大型项目,你可能想/需要在PHP 中使用
纯的OOP去声明类,而且在你的项目只用对象和类。
随着项目越来越大,使用OOP可能会有帮助,OOP代码很容易维护,容易理解和重用。这些就是软件工程
的基础。在基于web的项目中应用这些概念就成为将来网站成功的关键。

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