PHP面向对象编程的快速入门
面向对象编程(OOP)是我们编程的一项基本技能,PHP4对OOP提供了良好的支持。如何使用OOP的思想来进行PHP的高级编程,对于提高PHP编程能力和规划好Web开发构架都是非常有意义的。下面我们就通过实例来说明使用PHP的OOP进行编程的实际意义和应用方法。
我们通常在做一个有数据库后台的网站的时候,都会考虑到程序需要适用于不同的应用环境。和其他编程语言有所不同的是,在PHP中,操作数据库的是一系列的具体功能函数
如果你不使用ODBC接口的话)。这样做虽然效率很高,但是封装却不够。如果有一个统一的数据库接口,那么我们就可以不对程序做任何修改而适用于多种数据库,从而使程序的移植性和跨平台能力都大大提高。
在PHP中要完成OOP,需要进行对象封装,也就是编写类。我们可以通过生成一个新的SQL类实现对数据库的简单封装。例如:
class SQL
{
var
var
function DriverRegister(
{
if(
{
//驱动的存放路径必须在PHP.ini文件中设定的INCLUDE_PATH下
if( file_exists(
{
include(
//根据驱动名称生成相应的数据库驱动类
return true;
}
}
return false; //注册驱动失败
}
function Connect(
{
swd;
atabase;
}
function Close()//关闭数据库函数
{
}
function Query(
{
return
}
function getRows(
{
return
}
function getRowsNum(
{
return
}
}
?>
我们以操作MySQL数据库为例。我们写一个数据库驱动类MySQL,在该类中,我们把有关MySQL数据库操作的函数都做进一步的封装。把包含该类,文件名为MySQL.php的文件放在PHP的系统include_path下,就可以正常地使用了。注意编写数据库驱动文件时,文件名应和类名保持一致。
Class MySQL
{
var
var
var
var
function MySQL() //利用构造函数实现变量初始化
{
}
function Connect()
{
die("Could not connect to
MySQL_select_db(
die("Could not switch to database
return
}
function Close(
{
MySQL_close(
}
function Query(
{
die("Could not query database");
return
}
function getRows(
{
if(
{
for(
{
}
return
}
}
function getRowsNum(
{
return
}
}
?>
同样我们要封装其他的“数据库驱动”到我们的SQL类中,只需要建立相应的类,并以同名命名驱动文件,放到PHP的include目录就可以了。
完成封装以后,就可以在PHP中按照OOP的思想来实现对数据库的编程了。
Include(“SQL.php”);
if(
{
if(
{
foreach(
{
foreach(
print
}
}
}
?>
在实际应用中,我们还可以根据实际需求对各种对象类做进一步扩展。在PHP中,还提供了一系列复杂的OOP方法,例如继承,重载,引用,串行化等等。充分调动各种方法并灵活运用,就能够使你的网站更合理和结构化,开发和维护也更容易。

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