Home php教程 php手册 ZendCache:让网站飞起来

ZendCache:让网站飞起来

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:02 AM
cache com php zend

 

对商业网站来说,效率是十分重要的。在一些电子商务的站点上,服务器的响应速度决定了其服务质量,而服务器的负载又决定了它可提供的最大访问容量。技术人员总是想尽办法提高服务器的响应速度。

  ZendCache——就是一个提高服务器的响应速度的一个优秀产品。有数据证明,使用ZendCache可以将服务器的响应速度提高到原来的300%以上。

  ZendCache是什么

  先看一下PHP是如何运行的,一个请求PHP脚本发到服务器后,服务器从磁盘上查找相应的文件,先编译脚本,然后执行它,最后将结果送出。所花时间由:查找文件+打开文件+读文件+编译文件几部分组成。ZendCache是一个PHP脚本高速Cache,它可以将刚执行的PHP脚本文件的编译结果存放在Web服务器的内存中,如果下一次有人再请求此页,它就可以很快将其送出。免去了每次用户请求PHP文件,服务器都编译一次脚本所花的时间。同时,免取了从磁盘上查找、读取PHP文件所花的时间。所以,它可以大大提高服务器的响应速度。

  目前ZendCache只能运行在Linux (glibc 2.1)Solaris 2.6以上、FreeBSD 3.44.0。很可惜,目前它还不支持Windows系统。

  安装及使用ZendCache

  在zend.com上注册一个用户,以此用户登录zend.com,然后到以下地址下载http://www.zend.com/store/products/zend-cache.php。由于ZendCache是一个需要付费的软件,所以我们只能下载一个可供使用30天的试用版,不过,它是一个全功能的软件包。试试看,你可以体验到它强大的功能。要下载其试用版,直接选择“Test drive available”下载。

  整个下载要分三步,第一步,下载ZendCache软件包。直接从“Supported Platforms”中选择相应平台的软件包即可。注意软件适用的平台及相应PHP的版本、类库的类型。

  第二步,“Request Product License(即从zend.com取得授权)。要求用户提供自己机器的Host ID,也即计算机上网卡的MAC地址。zend.com提供了一个读取主机网卡地址的工具,用户可以从zend.com下载一个叫lmutil.Z的小程序,解压缩后,执行它,即可获得计算机的网卡地址。执行方法:

  # ./lmutil lmhostid

  另外,用户也可以从/var/log/messages中查到网卡的MAC地址。

  将此ID号填入申请licenseForm中,选择“request”,然后耐心等待。Zend.com会在48小时内给你发邮件,通知你可以去下载自己的License了。

  第三步,收到邮件后,直接进入http://www.zend.com/store/pickup.php去下载。License是一个名为zend_cache.dat的文件。

  Linux环境下的安装过程

  首先,解压缩ZendCache-1[1].0.0-PHP_4.0.4-Linux_glibc2.1-i386.tar.gz文件:

  # tar -zxvf ZendCache-1[1].0.0-PHP_4.0.4-Linux_glibc2.1-i386.tar.gz

  # cd ZendCache-1[1].0.0-PHP_4.0.4-Linux_glibc2.1-i386

  # cp *.so /usr/local/Zend/lib

  然后,将zend_cache.dat复制到/usr/local/Zend目录下。

  接下来,编辑php.ini文件,加入以下几行:

  ; Start of sample Zend Cache configuration section

  zend_cache.use_cwd=1

  zend_cache.memory_consumption=64 ; 64MB

  zend_cache.validate_timestamps=1

  zend_extension=/usr/local/lib/ZendCache.so

  ; End of sample Zend Cache configuration section

  重新启动Apache服务器,使刚才的改动生效。

  在Web服务器的htdocs目录下编辑一个简单的PHP文件test.php,内容如下:

  <?

  Phpinfo();

  ?>

  最后,在浏览器上键入:localhost/test.php,如果屏幕上的第二部分出现了如下内容,则表示ZendCache已经正常工作了。剩下的就是看Cache的命中效果了。

  This program makes use of the Zend scripting language engine:

  Zend Engine v1.x.x, Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Zend Technologies with Zend Cache v1.x.x, Copyright (c) 1999-2000, by Zend Technologies

  测试ZendCache的命中率

  随同ZendCache软件包解开的还有一部分PHP代码,在浏览器中调用它们可以将ZendCache的命中效果直观地显示出来。简单地将cache_gui这个子目录复制到Web服务器的htdocs目录下。在浏览器URL栏中键入http://localhost/cach_gui/index.html即可看到Cache的命中效果(如附图所示)

  如果浏览器中的图形无显示,且提示你编译的PHP中的GD模块不支持png图形的显示,那么你还得再次编译PHP,使GD模块支持png图形显示。有关如何编译PHP,使它支持png的文章可以在网上查找,本文不作记述。如果你不知道自己的PHP是否支持png,可以使用phpinfo()函数查看。一般情况下,如果在编译时没有特别指出要支持png,编译时GD就不会默认支持png

  注意:如果你同时使用了Zend Optimizer,那么,应该将以上几行放置在Zend Optimizer之后,否则你的Apache server将无法启动。

 

 



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