PHP技巧:通过实例深入剖析require和include的用法
在php中,include和require的作用比较容易混淆。下面我以一个经典例子来深刻说明它们的区别。
当我们经常访问一个数据库时,可以把连库语句写成一个文件
con_db.php
$dbh = mysql_connect('localhost','','');
mysql_select_db('admreqs');
?>
在实际应用时,我们可以在程序中调用这个文件。
如require("con_db.php")或include("con_db.php)
这时,两个函数的效果是差不多的。
但如果这样用
filename.php
require("con_db.php")
function myfun($par1,$par2)
{包含对数据库处理的语句}
.....
myfun($par1,$par2);
.....
myfun($p1,$p2);
?>
文件到myfun处将不能继续执行,因为函数里无法得到外面的变量(include也是一样的)。除非把$dbh作为一个变量传给函数。这又增加了调用函数的复杂度。
我们可以通过把require或include放在函数里面来解决这个问题。
如果用include,文件的第一个函数调用处将顺利通过,但第二个调用将无法执行,原因是不能在没有关闭数据库时在打开一次,也就是说,con_db.php执行了两次。将include换成require,一切都正常。
也就是说,require类似于一次预扫描,在程序执行时,无论在函数里或是函数外,都将先把require的文件执行,且只执行一次。而include则是每执行一次就调用一次文件,即这次执行后,下次再执行执行到这里,仍将再执行一次。
因此,如果在一个循环中,某些语句你只想执行一次,那你用require包括它们就可以了。

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