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PHP autoload与include性能比较

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:57 AM
autoload include php

自PHP5后,官方大大丰富了对面向对象的支持,其中有个重要改变:引入了__autoload()函数,从此不再需要在php脚本的header写一堆的require或include了,用PHP函数手册中的话说:”它会在试图使用尚未被定义的类时自动调用”。

这一机制大大减轻了开发人员的负担,只要在架构初期考虑好了目录结构和命名规范,在开发过程中,需要再为代码中要用到的类分别去require相应的文件,减少了大量代码。

但这样一来,也容易出现运行一个程序,某个类文件被include多次,例如有以下四个脚本:

#file:include1.php 
include 'include2.php'; 
//@todo something
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#file:include2.php 
//@todo something
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#file:script1.php 
include 'include2.php'; 
//@todo something
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#file:script2.php 
include 'include1.php'; 
include 'script1.php' 
//@todo something
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当执行script1.php时, include ‘include2.php’; 这行代码被执行了一次。而执行script2.php时,这行代码被执行了两次。

这里只是一个简单的例子,在实际的项目中,include2.php被include的次数可能更多。这样反复的include,是否会影响性能呢?为此我写了个脚本来测试。

#file:SimpleClass.php
class SimpleClass {
        public function __construct() {
                echo get_time() . "\r\n";
        }
}
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#file:php_include.php
for($i  = 0;$i 
<p>当$loop值为1时,脚本耗时约0.00018906593322754秒,当$loop为1000时,脚本耗时约0.076701879501343秒。</p>
<p>如果我们用autoload实现呢?</p>
<p class="wp_syntax">
</p><p class="code"></p><pre style="FONT-FAMILY: monospace" class="php php">#file:php_autoload.php
function __autoload($class_name) {
        include_once $class_name . '.php';
}
 
for($i  = 0;$i 
<p>在这段代码中,我定义了__autoload函数,几乎一样的脚本,当$loop为1时,耗时0.0002131462097168秒,而当$loop为1000时,耗时仅为前面代码的1/7,0.012391805648804秒。</p>
<p>但请注意看SimpleClass的代码,其中输出了一行字符串,如果去掉这行输出后再比较,会是什么样的结果呢?</p>
<p>在$loop同为1000的情况下,前者耗时0.057836055755615秒,而使用了autoload后,仅仅0.00199294090271秒!效率相差近30倍!</p>
<p>从上面的测试可以看出,当文件仅仅被include一次,autoload会消耗稍微多一点的时间,但如果在文件被反复include的情况下,使用autoload则能大大提高系统性能。</p>
<p>至于是否要使用autoload来解放程序员,这就仁者见仁,智者见智了。在我看来,条件允许的前提下,牺牲这一点性能(某些情况下,甚至可能是提升性能)更为便捷的开发,是值得的。</p>
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