PHP cookie禁用时session 方案
在PHP中使用过SESSION的朋友可能会碰到这么一个问题,SESSION变量不能跨页传递。这令我苦恼了好些日子,最终通过查资料思考并解决了这个问题。我认为,出现这个问题的原因有以下几点:
1、客户端禁用了cookie
2、浏览器出现问题,暂时无法存取cookie
3、php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 0或者编译时没有打开--enable-trans-sid选项
为什么会这样呢?下面我解释一下:
Session储存于服务器端(默认以文件方式存储session),根据客户端提供的session id来得到用户的文件,取得变量的值,session id可以使用客户端的Cookie或者Http1.1协议的Query_String(就是访问的URL的“?”后面的部分)来传送给服务器,然后服务器读取Session的目录……。也就是说,session id是取得存储在服务上的session变量的身份证。当代码session_start();运行的时候,就在服务器上产生了一个session文件,随之也产生了与之唯一对应的一个session id,定义session变量以一定形式存储在刚才产生的session文件中。通过session id,可以取出定义的变量。跨页后,为了使用session,你必须又执行session_start();将又会产生一个session文件,与之对应产生相应的session id,用这个session id是取不出前面提到的第一个session文件中的变量的,因为这个session id不是打开它的“钥匙”。如果在session_start();之前加代码session_id($session id);将不产生新的session文件,直接读取与这个id对应的session文件。
PHP中的session在默认情况下是使用客户端的Cookie来保存session id的,所以当客户端的cookie出现问题的时候就会影响session了。必须注意的是:session不一定必须依赖cookie,这也是 session相比cookie的高明之处。当客户端的Cookie被禁用或出现问题时,PHP会自动把session id附着在URL中,这样再通过session id就能跨页使用session变量了。但这种附着也是有一定条件的,即“php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项”。
用过论坛的朋友都知道,在进入论坛的时候,往往会提示你检查Cookie是否打开,这是因为大多数论坛都是基于Cookie的,论坛用它来保存用户名、密码等用户信息,方便使用。而且很多朋友都认为Cookie不安全(其实不是这样),往往禁用它。其实在PHP程序中,我们完全可以用SESSION 来代替Cookie,它可以不依赖于客户端是否开启Cookie。
所以,我们可以抛开cookie使用session,即假定用户关闭cookie的情况下使用session,其实现途径有以下几种:
1、设置php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项,让PHP自动跨页传递session id。
2、手动通过URL传值、隐藏表单传递session id。
3、用文件、数据库等形式保存session_id,在跨页过程中手动调用。
途径1举例说明:
s1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION[’var1’]="中华人民共和国";
$url="下一页";
echo $url;
?>
s2.php
session_start();
echo "传递的session变量var1的值为:".$_SESSION[’var1’];
?>
运行以上代码,在客户端cookie正常的情况下,应该可以在得到结果“中华人民共和国”。
现在你手动关闭客户端的cookie,再运行,可能得不到结果了吧。如果得不到结果,再“设置php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项”,又得到结果“中华人民共和国”
途径2举例说明:
s1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION[’var1’]="中华人民共和国";
$sn = session_id();
$url="下一页";
echo $url;
?>
s2.php
session_id($_GET[’s’]);
session_start();
echo "传递的session变量var1的值为:".$_SESSION[’var1’];
?>
隐藏表单的方法基本原理同上。
途径3举例说明:
login.html
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